首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Teachers and other specialists in early childhood education recognize that children develop at different rates. Given anything t
Teachers and other specialists in early childhood education recognize that children develop at different rates. Given anything t
admin
2011-02-11
57
问题
Teachers and other specialists in early childhood education recognize that children develop at different rates. Given anything that resembles a well-rounded life — with adults and other children to listen to, talk to, do things with — their minds will acquire naturally all the skills required for further learning.
Take for example, reading. The two strongest predictors of whether children will learn to read easily and well at school am whether they have learned the names and the sounds of letters of the alphabet before they start school, That may seem to imply that letter names and sounds should be deliberately taught to young children, because these skills will not happen naturally.
But in all the research programs where they have done just that—instructed children, rehearsed the names and sounds over and over — the results are disappointing. The widely accepted explanation is that knowledge of the alphabet for it to work in helping one to read, has to be deeply embedded in the child’ s mind. That comes from years of exposure and familiarity with letters, from being read to, from playing with magnetic letters, drawing said fiddling with computers.
So parents can do some things to help, although many do these things spontaneously. Instead of reading a story straight through, the reader should pause every so often and ask questions but not questions which can be answered by a yes or no. Extend their answers, suggest alternative possibilities and pose progressively more challenging questions.
And with arithmetic do not explicitly sit down and teach children about numbers, but all those early years count when walking up steps. Recite nursery rhymes. Talk to children. Say this is a red apple, that is a green one, Please get three eggs out of the fridge for me
The technical term in vogue for this subtle structuring of children’ s early learning is "scaffolding". Based on recent extensions of the work of the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky the idea is that there arc things a child may be almost ready to do. Anna, for example, cannot tie a shoelace by herself, but if an adult or a competent child forms one of the loops for her, she will soon learn to do the rest. Applying this concept to older children, one wonderful teacher has her children keep lists of "Words I can Almost Spell".
While this has all the hallmarks of common sense, it represents a significant change of emphasis from the idea of Piaget, which have dominated the theory of early childhood learning. The child in Piaget’ s theory looks, more than anything, like a lime scientist — exploring the environment, observing, experimenting, thinking and slowly coming to his or her conclusions about how the world works. The image is of a rather solitary pursuit with ail the real action in the child’ s head.
The Vygotsky model re-introduces all the people who also inhabit the child’ s world — parents, care-givers, relatives, siblings and ail those other children at play or school. They are not simply noise, clattering in the background while the child’ s developing mind struggles on its own. The cognitive development of the child, that is, the learning of colors or numbers or letters — depends on learning how to interact socially, how to learn from the people (as well as the things) in the environment.
What is important is that the child develops the range of social skills — being able to express a preference, knowing how to take rams, being able to stand up for themselves, being able to get into a group, being able to make decisions, being able to share, having confidence to go off on their own. These all require careful nurturing, No one is telling parents not to think about their children’ s development
It is just that it is more important to think about a child’ s desire to chat and the importance of social behavior and play activity, than the actually more trivial markers of intellectual achievement such as being the first kid in the group to cut a circle that looks like a circle.
Vygotsky’ s theory is different from Piaget’ s in that the former more emphasizes on the child’ s______.
选项
A、exploration
B、achievement
C、interaction
D、nurturing
答案
C
解析
第八段的最后一句话总结时提到了interact这个词,所以选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GLYO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ChinawitnessesgreatsuccessineconomicaldevelopmentafteritsadoptionOfthepolicyOfreformandopennesstotheoutsidew
InrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentonitsuniversitiestofindsolutionstoitsmajorproblems.
Dickens’worksarecharacterizedbyaminglingof______andpathos.
Youaskmewhatispoverty?Listentome.HereIam,dirty,smellyandwithno"proper"underwearonandwiththestenchofmyr
ModernExaminationsIntheschoolsofancienttimes,themostimportantexaminationswerespoken.Usuallythestudentswere
______inU.K.appealtoreaderswhowantnewsofamoreentertainingcharacter.
WhenIappearedbeforeyouonapreviousoccasion,IhadseennothingofAmericanartsavetheDoriccolumnsandCorinthianchim
Accordingtothenewsreport,PresidentBushwassorryforthefollowingEXCEPT______.
Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary.Differentoccupations,however,differwid
Linguistically,comparedwiththewritingsofMarkTwain,HenryJames’sfictionisnotedforhis______.
随机试题
Inourmodernsociety,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The【C1】______isthatcountriesaroundthew
治疗瘀血头痛,应配合
维护病患者的健康利益和其他合法权益是开展用药调查及药品利用评价是
部门统计调查项目中,调查对象属于本部门管辖系统内的情形包括()。
位于市区的某生产企业为增值税一般纳税人,适用的企业所得税税率为25%,主要生产销售同一型号的小汽车,每辆市场不含税售价为4.6万元,每辆小汽车的生产成本为2.8万元。2018年发生如下业务:(1)按市场价格销售小汽车19000辆,销售合同记载取得不含税销
签署国际多边承认协议的国家(包括中国)认可的认证机构颁发的质量管理体系认证证书应标有()标志。[2007年真题]
干燥的冷空气和富含水蒸气的暖空气相遇,发生大规模碰撞时形成的极端天气现象是()。
为落实住建部办公厅下发的有关整治“挂证”的政策,你所在单位结合本省实际,决定在全省范围内开展为期十个月的“挂证”等违法违规行为专项整治。你认为应该重点做好哪些工作?
在长度为64的有序线性表中进行顺序查找,最坏情况下需要比较的次数为
SisterCarrie.waswrittenby______.
最新回复
(
0
)