首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Looking at Theatre History" → One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systemati
"Looking at Theatre History" → One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systemati
admin
2013-04-25
30
问题
"Looking at Theatre History"
→ One of the
primary
ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systematic study of material remains such as architecture, inscriptions, sculpture, vase painting, and other forms of decorative art.A Serious on-site excavations began in Greece around 1870, but W. Dörpfeld did not begin the first extensive study of the Theatre of Dionysus until 1886.B Since that time, more than 167 other Greek theatres have been identified and many of them have been excavated. C Nevertheless, they still do not permit us to describe the
precise
appearance of the
skene
(illustrations printed in books are conjectural reconstructions), since many pieces are irrevocably lost because the buildings in later periods became sources of stone for other projects and what remains is usually broken and scattered.D That most of the buildings were remodeled many times has created great problems for those seeking to date both the parts and the successive versions. Despite these drawbacks, archeology provides the most concrete evidence we have about the theatre structures of ancient Greece. But, if they have told us much, archeologists have not completed their work, and many sites have scarcely been touched.
→ Perhaps the most
controversial
use of archeological evidence in theatre history is vase paintings, thousands of which have survived from ancient Greece. (Most of those used by theatre scholars are reproduced in Margarete Bieber’s The History of the Greek and Roman Theatre.) Depicting scenes from mythology and daily life, the vases are the most graphic pictorial evidence we have. But they are also easy to misinterpret. Some scholars have considered any vase that depicts a subject treated in a surviving drama or any scene showing masks, flute players, or ceremonials to be valid evidence of theatrical practice. This is a highly questionable assumption, since the Greeks made widespread use of masks, dances, and music outside the theatre and since the myths on which dramatists drew were known to everyone, including vase painters, who might well depict the same subjects as dramatists without being indebted to them. Those vases showing scenes unquestionably theatrical are few in number.
→ Written evidence about ancient Greek theatre is often treated as less reliable than archeological evidence because most written accounts are separated so far in time from the events they describe and because they provide no information about their own sources. Of the written evidence, the surviving plays are usually treated as the most reliable. But the oldest surviving manuscripts of Greek plays date from around the tenth century, C.E., some 1500 years after they were first performed. Since printing did not exist during this time span, copies of plays had to be made by hand, and therefore the possibility of textual errors creeping in was magnified. Nevertheless, the scripts offer us our readiest access to the cultural and theatrical conditions out of which they came. But these scripts, like other kinds of evidence, are subject to varying interpretations. Certainly performances embodied a male perspective, for example, since the plays were written, selected, staged, and acted by men. Yet the existing plays feature numerous choruses of women and many feature strong female characters. Because these characters often seem victims of their own powerlessness and appear to be governed, especially in the comedies, by sexual desire, some critics have seen these plays as rationalizations by the male-dominated culture for keeping women segregated and cloistered. Other critics, however, have seen in these same plays an attempt by male authors to force their male audiences to examine and call into question this segregation and cloistering of Athenian women.
→ By far the majority of written references to Greek theatre date from several hundred years after the events they report. The writers seldom mention their sources of evidence, and thus we do not know what credence to give
them
. In the absence of material nearer in time to the events, however, historians have used the accounts and have been grateful to have them. Overall, historical treatment of the Greek theatre is something like assembling a jigsaw puzzle from which many pieces are missing: historians arrange what they have and imagine (with the aid of the remaining evidence and logic) what has been lost. As a result, though the broad outlines of Greek theatre history are reasonably clear, many of the details remain open to doubt.
Glossary
skene: a stage building where actors store their masks and change their costumes
An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most important points in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Greek theatre has been studied by a variety of methods. ______ ______ ______
Answer Choices
(A) Because the Greeks enjoyed dancing and music for entertainment outside of the theatre, many scenes on vases are ambiguous.
(B) Historical accounts assembled many years after the actual theatrical works were presented give us a broad perspective of the earlier theatre.
(C) Although considered less reliable, written records, including scripts, provide insights into the cultural aspects of theatre.
(D) Archaeological excavations have uncov- ered buildings and artifacts, many of which were vases with theatrical scenes painted on them.
(E) For the most part, men wrote the plays for Greek theatre, but choruses and even strong roles were played by women.
(F) Computer simulations can recreate the image of a building that is crumbling as long as the dimensions and layout are known.
选项
答案
BDC
解析
summarize the passage. Choice A is a minor point that supports major point D. Choice E is a minor point that supports major point C. Choice F is reasonable, but it is not mentioned in the passage.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GzfO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completethechartbelow.Matchtheadvantagesofjoiningalearningcircle(I-VI)totheperson.NOTE:therearemorea
Labelplanbelow.ChooseyouranswersfromtheboxbelowandwritethelettersA-Hnexttoquestions17-20.A.AvocadoP
CompletetheCounsellor’snotes.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhatTWOthingsdoesthearticlesayaboutgoal-setting?AMeetingsshouldstartwithaclearstatemen
WhatTHREEdetailsshouldjobapplicantsknowintheinterview?AworkinghoursBpromotionprospectCsalaryrangeDpensionco
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.Ticketsareavailable
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.WhyshouldJohngiveacopyofplanstotheprofessor?
airline录音原文中的relyon“依靠,取决于”是题目verifiedby“由……证实,核实”的同义替换。录音原文中表示relyoninformationfromtheair-line,因此答案为airline。
AirlineAlliancesCooperativecompetition.Competitivecooperation.Confused?Airlineallianceshavetravelersscratchingth
随机试题
A.犯罪主体B.犯罪客体C.刑事责任D.刑事处罚E.犯罪行为、违法行为
A、绝对卧床休息B、绝对卧床2周C、卧床休息D、可以正常活动E、室内轻度活动急性肾炎水肿消退、血压正常、肉眼血尿消退者()
体外纯菌药物敏感性试验常用的方法是
某护士在给一位乙型肝炎病毒携带者注射时.不慎被患者用过的针头刺伤手指。为预防乙型肝炎病毒感染.应首先采取的措施是
[2012年第022题]住宅设计中延长住宅建筑寿命的关键措施是解决:
当界桩点对边界走向影响较大且容易破坏时,为便于寻找确定界桩点可设方位物,方位物的设立和测定的主要要求有()。
下列给定程序中函数fun的功能是:逐个比较p、q所指两个字符串对应位置上的字符,并把ASCII值大或相等的字符依次存放到C所指的数组中,形成一个新的字符串。例如,若主函数中a字符串为“aBCDeFgH”,b字符串为“ABcd”,则c中的字符串应为“a
______isthestudyofspeechsoundsinlanguageoralanguagewithreferencetotheirdistributionandpatterningandtotacit
CaloriesForyearsnow,calorieshavebeenalltherage-peoplearecountingthemandcuttingthem,andyou’dbehard-pressed
Withmoreandmoreyoungpeoplegettingintotroublewiththelaw,racialworkersareverybusy.Theyaretryingtokeep【B1】____
最新回复
(
0
)