首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
admin
2010-01-13
58
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist ( 免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what wakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are conditioned to confront with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively even when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader’s experiment was that______.
选项
A、the sweetener was poisonous to them
B、their immune systems had been altered by the mind
C、they had been weakened physically by the saccharin
D、they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning
答案
B
解析
由最后一段可知,Ader(在条件反射的实验后)又使老鼠接触糖精。这次他虽未给老鼠注射药,可却惊奇地发现,有些老鼠死了。因此可见,是精神(the mind)作用导致了老鼠的死亡。故选B项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Hami777K
0
在职申硕(同等学力)英语
相关试题推荐
Visualimpairment(视觉障碍)carrieswithitareducedorrestrictedabilitytotravelthroughone’sphysicalandsocialenvironmentu
Nuclearpower’sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.Nuclearradiationha
Investmentinthepublicsector,suchaselectricity,irrigation,publicservicesandtransport(excludingvehicles,shipsandpl
Asregardshisparents’shoppingforthegrandchildren,theauthor______Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhentheaut
Localgovernment______couldbeobtainedthroughalocalincometaxand/oralocalsalestax.
Countriesthattraditionallyneverallowedforeignstudentstostayandwork—likeGermanyortheUnitedKingdom—arefacingtheir
He______allhisunfinishedmanuscriptstohiscolleaguesinthelaboratorybeforehewenttoFrance.
A:I’dliketoseeDr.Smith,please.B:______.
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancl
Sciencewritersmust【C1】______informationregardingscientificevents.Inthiscapacity,theymaketheinformationclearerandm
随机试题
Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportby
在腹前壁上第4腰椎的体表定位点是
乙为水泥厂,甲为水泥销售公司。甲、乙订立一购销合同,约定乙于6月1日前送水泥1000吨给甲;甲支付定金10万元给乙。后乙于6月2日将1000吨水泥运至甲处。甲以乙违约(迟延履行1天)为由,要求乙双倍返还定金20万元。以下说法正确的是:
下列术语中卖方不负责办理出口手续及支付相关费用的是()。
可转换公司债券享受转换特权,在转换前和转换后的形式分别为()。
根据企业所得税相关规定,企业提供劳务完工进度的确定,可以选用的方法有()。
Whodesignedthefirsthelicopter?Who【C1】______themostfamouspicturesintheworld?Whoknewmoreaboutthehumanbodythanm
关于因特网的域名系统,以下哪种说法是错误的?______。
Whichwordcantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword"fervency"inparagraph1?Theunusuallysurprisingwaythathescoredgoa
A、TomeetCharley.B、Toworkinhisoffice.C、Togotohospital.D、Toattendameeting.DM:ThisisCharleyspeaking.Couldyou
最新回复
(
0
)