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  3. Geothermal(地热)Energy 1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth’ s center flows ou

Geothermal(地热)Energy 1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth’ s center flows ou

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问题                         Geothermal(地热)Energy
1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth’ s center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth’ s surface. It often remains well below the earth’ s surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth’ s surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.
2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-steam reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine(涡轮)generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.
3 Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.
4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam,but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plants, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.
A Dry steam plants
B Binary plants
C Origin of geothermal energy
D Generation of electricity
E Flash steam plants
F Recyclable water and steam
Paragraph 1______
选项
答案C
解析 本段首句讲到热能是从炎热地区向寒冷地区流动，所以热能也是从地心向地球表面流动。接着又讲地热熔化了石头变成岩浆，雨水渗入岩浆烘热的岩石缝形成温泉，若遇到不可渗透的岩石则形成地热储层，可就势建起地热发电厂。故C项“地热能的起源”可以概括本段。
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