首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
What shapes moral emotions in the first place? The answer has long been evolution, hut in recent years there’s an increasing app
What shapes moral emotions in the first place? The answer has long been evolution, hut in recent years there’s an increasing app
admin
2015-09-30
54
问题
What shapes moral emotions in the first place? The answer has long been evolution, hut in recent years there’s an increasing appreciation that evolution isn’t just about competition. It’s also about cooperation within groups. 【F1】
Like bees, humans have long lived or died based on their ability to divide labor, help each other and stand together in the face of common threats.
Many of our moral emotions and intuitions reflect that history. We don’t just care about our individual rights, or even the rights of other individuals. We also care about loyalty, respect, traditions, religions. We are all the descendents of successful cooperators.
The first nice thing about this evolutionary approach to morality is that it emphasizes the social nature of moral intuition. People are not discrete units coolly formulating moral arguments. They link themselves together into communities and networks of mutual influence.
The second nice thing is that it entails a warmer view of human nature.【F2】
Evolution is always about competition, but for humans, as Darwin speculated, competition among groups has turned us into pretty cooperative, empathetic and altruistic creatures—at least within our families, groups and sometimes nations.
The third nice thing is that it explains the haphazard way most of us lead our lives without destroying dignity and choice. Moral intuitions have primacy, Haidt argues, but they are not dictators.【F3】
There are times, often the most important moments in our lives, when in fact we do use reason to override moral intuitions, and often those reasons — along with new intuitions—come from our friends.
The rise and now dominance of this emotional approach to morality is an epochal change. It challenges all sorts of traditions. It challenges the bookish way philosophy is conceived by most people. It challenges the Talmudic tradition, with its hyper-rational scrutiny of texts.【F4】
It challenges the new atheists, who see themselves involved in a war of reason against faith and who have an unwarranted faith in the power of pure reason and in the purity of their own reasoning.
Finally, it should also challenge the very scientists who study morality.【F5】
They’ re good at explaining how people make judgments about harm and fairness, but they still struggle to explain the feelings of awe, transcendence, patriotism, joy and self-sacrifice, which are not ancillary to most people’s moral experiences, but central.
The evolutionary approach also leads many scientists to neglect the concept of individual responsibility and makes it hard for them to appreciate that most people struggle toward goodness, not as a means, but as an end in itself.
【F5】
选项
答案
这些人善于解释人如何就伤害和公平做出判断。但是他们却仍然不能解释敬畏、超越、爱国、欢乐和自我牺牲等情感。这情感对大多数人的道德体验来说不是次要的,而是核心的。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IDzZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
InrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentonitsuniversitiestofindsolutionstoitsmajorproblems.
SupposeCharlesDarwinhadbeensweptoverboardanddrownedduringthevoyageoftheBeagle.Whatwouldtheworldbelikewithou
Allanimalsmustrest,butdotheyreallysleepasweknowit?Theanswertothisquestionseemsobvious.Ifananimalregularly
Allanimalsmustrest,butdotheyreallysleepasweknowit?Theanswertothisquestionseemsobvious.Ifananimalregularly
MuchoftheAmericananxietyaboutoldageisaflightfromtherealityofdeath.OneofthestrikingqualitiesoftheAmerican
(46)Attheendofthenineteenthcentury,arisinginterestinNativeAmericancustomsandanincreasingdesiretounderstandNa
Advertisingisaformofselling.Forthousandsofyearstherehavebeenindividualswhohavetriedto(1)_____otherstobuyth
Advertisingisaformofselling.Forthousandsofyearstherehavebeenindividualswhohavetriedto(1)_____otherstobuyth
AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbers
AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbers
随机试题
虽然没有明显的疾病,但呈现体力降低,反应能力减退、适应能力下降等,这类人群属于
低脂饮食每日脂肪量不超过50g,肝胆胰病患者不超过40g。()
甲与乙签订买卖4头牛的合同,合同约定牛款为1万元,买受人乙向甲支付3千元定金,余款于半年内付清。双方当事人在合同中约定,乙付清全部牛款时,才享有该4头牛的所有权。合同签订后,甲将该四头牛交付给乙。根据案情,回答下列问题:设牛款未付清前,牛2将丙踢伤,造
北京甲公司(位于北京市A区)与上海乙公司(位于上海市B区)签定一份购销根雕工艺品的合同,合同约定交货地为北京甲公司住所地,如果双方在履行合同过程中发生争议,由原告住所地或者合同履行地人民法院管辖。合同签定后,上海乙公司即按照合同约定向北京甲公司如期交付了根
根据案例,回答下列题目:飞龙公司2000年成立,其主要业务是生产并对外出口各种玩具。公司的总资产为5000万元,其中包括4座总价值1000万元的厂房,目前正在使用。公司要在新开发区中建设新厂房,此项工程已经开工,并且将于2008年底完工。公司教保了
“熟知业务”规定的内容不包括()。
根据个人所得税法律制度的规定,下列关于个人投资者(新股东)收购企业100%股权后将原盈余积累转增股本个人所得税处理的说法,不正确的是()。
若实数x,y满足不等式组,则2x+3y的最小值是______________.
“函”就是信,不具有正式公文的法定效力。()
甲将其装有1万元现金的行李箱寄存在火车站“小件寄存处”,但在寄存时未告知内有现金,甲取包时发现该包已被人取走,甲要求寄存处赔偿。寄存处应如何赔偿甲的损失?()
最新回复
(
0
)