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  3. In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence(AI)predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversi

In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence(AI)predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversi

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问题     In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence(AI)predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they’re nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.
    A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
    Imitating the brain’s neural network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors," he explains, "but it’s not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves. " Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain’s capabilities stem from the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
    Right now, the option that conventional computers and softwares are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
What’s the meaning of "adaptation"(Line 5, Para. 2)?
选项 A、(Act of)taking somebody into one’s family, especially as one’s child or heir.
B、Action or process of becoming adjusted to new conditions.
C、Thing made by adapting something else, especially a text for production on the stage, radio, etc.
D、Device that connects pieces of equipment that were not originally designed to be connected.
答案B
解析 本题是词义题。“adaptation”一词在这里的意思是说，许多研究人员改变以前机械地生编硬造，而是通过研究人脑细胞和蛋白质成分及结构的演化规律，以期对计算机软件作适应性改变。A是一个干扰项，是对“adoption”一词的解释；C意思是改制物或改编剧本。D意思是适配器，转接器(用于转接不可直接连接的器材)，即指“adaptor”一词。
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