2. 外语
  3. Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longe

Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longe

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问题    Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: when will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and sweat.
    He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed, love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeat in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and worst of all without pity, or compassion. He writes not of the heart but of the glands.
    Until he relearns these things he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure; that when the last ding-dong of doom has changed and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet’s, the writer’s duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet’s voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.
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答案 我们今天的悲剧是一种普遍共有、无所不在的生理恐惧，长期忍受这种生理恐惧现已使我们不堪承受。精神上的问题已不存在，唯有一个问题：我何时会被炸得粉身碎骨?因此，当今从事写作的青年男女已经忘记了还存在着人类内心自我冲突的问题，而只有这些问题能够成就好的作品，只是因为它值得一写，值得付出艰辛的努力。 他必须重新认识这些问题，必须使自己明白最可鄙莫过于恐惧。他必须使自己明白，要永远忘却恐惧，只允许内心亘古不变的真理在自己的工作室里留有容身之地。这些亘古不变的普遍真理就是爱情、荣誉、怜悯、自尊、同情和牺牲。缺少了这些真理，任何小说都只能昙花一现，注定失败。做不到这一点，他付出的努力就得不到认同。他写的不是爱情而是情欲。他写的失败中无人失去可贵之物，他写的胜利毫无希望，甚至没有怜悯或同情。他写的不是心灵而是器官。 在重新明白这些问题之前，他写作时就犹如身处人类末日目送末日的来临。我不接受人类末日的观点。可以很容易地得出结论，人类将生存延续因而是永恒的。得出以下结论也很容易，当最后一块无用的礁石在最后一抹微弱的夕阳中孤立于无潮的海水中，而最后一次丧钟的音响已经变弱并消失在这块礁石旁，即使此时仍将有另一个声音，那就是人类微弱而不断的说话声。我不接受这种观点。我相信人类不仅将生存延续，并将战胜一切。人类的永恒不是因为唯独人类在动物中会不断说话，而在于人类拥有灵魂，拥有一种富于同情、牺牲和忍耐的精神。围绕这些写作是诗人和作家的责任所在。他们特有的权利就是要鼓舞人心，让人们记住往日曾引以为荣的勇气、荣誉、希望、自尊、同情、怜悯与牺牲精神，从而帮助人类生存延续。诗人的声音不仅仅是人类的记录，它还可成为一根帮助人类生存延续并占主导地位的中流砥柱。
解析 1．There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: when will I be blown up? 精神上的问题已不存在，唯有一个问题：我何时会被炸得粉身碎骨?
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    为了使句子更简洁，采用合句法翻译该句。
2．Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about. worth the agony and sweat. 因此，当今从事写作的青年男女已经忘记了还存在着人类内心自我冲突的问题，而只有这些问题能够成就好的作品，只是因为它值得一写，值得付出艰辛的努力。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    原句是一个复合句，可以翻译成汉语的几个小分句。the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself译成“当今从事写作的青年男女已经忘记了还存在着人类内心自我冲突的问题”，后面的定语从句which alone can make good writing译成“而只有这些问题能够成就好的作品”，其中，先行词要译出。原因状语从句because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and sweat单译。
3．He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verifies and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed — love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. 他必须重新认识这些问题，必须使自己明白最可鄙莫过于恐惧。他必须使自己明白，要永远忘却恐惧，只允许内心亘古不变的真理在自己的工作室里留有容身之地。这些亘古不变的普遍真理就是爱情、荣誉、怜悯、自尊、同情和牺牲。缺少了这些真理，任何小说都只能昙花一现，注定失败。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    上面的两个句子采用合句和断句的方法翻译。首先采用合句法把第一句和第二句的He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid翻译成独立的一句话，使用同一个谓语“必须”，译成“他必须重新认识这些问题，必须使自己明白最可鄙莫过于恐惧”。分词短语teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart要增加主语，译成一个单独的句子“他必须使自己明白，要永远忘却恐惧，只允许内心亘古不变的真理在自己的工作室里留有容身之地”。the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed — love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice首先根据意思把破折号前后进行断开，主要讲的内容有： 1) the old universal truths are love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice可以翻译成“这些亘古不变的普遍真理就是爱情、荣誉、怜悯、自尊、同情和牺牲。”2)troths lack, any story is ephemeral and doomed所以，译成“缺少了这些真理，任何小说都只能昙花一现，注定失败。”这样，整个句子才表达充分。
4．He writes not of love but of lust, of defeat in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and worst of all without pity, or compassion. 他写的不是爱情而是情欲。他写的失败中无人失去可贵之物，他写的胜利毫无希望，甚至没有怜悯或同情。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    该句首先要进行断句翻译，把He writes not of love but of lust翻译成一个独立的句子，因为它所表达的内容是与后面相反的，所以译成“他写的不是爱情而是情欲”。定语从句可以译成两个小分句。介词短语of victories without hope and worst of all without pity, or compassion翻译成句子“他写的胜利毫无希望，甚至没有怜悯或同情”。
5．I decline to accept the end of mall. 我不接受人类末日的观点。
    [分析] 理解表达采分点。
    在翻译end of man时要增加“观点”或“看法”。
6．It is easy enough to say that mall is immortal simply because he will endure; that when the last ding-dong of doom has changed and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. 可以很容易地得出结论，人类将生存延续因而是永恒的。得出以下结论也很容易，当最后一块无用的礁石在最后一抹微弱的夕阳中孤立于无潮的海水中，而最后一次丧钟的音响已经变弱并消失在这块礁石旁，即使此时仍将有另一个声音，那就是人类微弱而不断的说话声。
    [分析] 理解结构采分点。
    这是一个复合句，宾语从句，say后面跟了四个从句。第一个分句可以翻译成独立句子。第二个句子开始时要重复翻译It is easy enough to say“得出以下结论也很容易”，后面基本按照顺序翻译即可。
7．It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. 他们特有的权利就是要鼓舞人心，让人们记住往日曾引以为荣的勇气、荣誉、希望、自尊、同情、怜悯与牺牲精神，从而帮助人类生存延续。
    [分析] 基本素质采分点。
    lifting his heart指“鼓舞人心”。sacrifice指“牺牲”，在这里译成“牺牲精神”。
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