首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
[A] At Kibale, large groups of chimps range together, and aggression escalates accordingly. Wrangham observed as these bigger pa
[A] At Kibale, large groups of chimps range together, and aggression escalates accordingly. Wrangham observed as these bigger pa
admin
2022-11-01
60
问题
[A] At Kibale, large groups of chimps range together, and aggression escalates accordingly. Wrangham observed as these bigger parties of males got excited and went out on "patrol" in what looked like an organized way: They walked along their territorial border, attacking lone chimps from neighboring communities when they came across them en route. In his 1996 book, Demonic Males, co-authored with Dale Peterson, Wrangham recapped this and other evidence to draw a dire portrait of humanity as inherently violent by evolutionary legacy. Here was vivid support for a Hobbesian view of human nature, rooted in genetics.
[B] Wrangham, who teaches biological anthropology at Harvard, was in a sense working toward this latest venture in his two previous books, which explore the opposing poles of behavior. Renowned for his meticulous fieldwork, especially with chimps in Uganda’s Kibale National Park, Wrangham showed just how common chimp brutality is. Jane Goodall, one of the scientists who have been following monkeys, apes, and other creatures in their habitats, had acknowledged with frank regret that her beloved chimpanzees could be quite violent. One mother and daughter killed the infants of other females in their group. Males often coerced and beat females, and would sometimes gang up and attack a chimp from another group.
[C] Wrangham draws on this trove of material as he pursues yet another ambitious hypothesis: "Reduced reactive aggression must feature alongside intelligence, cooperation, and social learning as a key contributor to the emergence and success of our species." By reactive aggression, he means attacking when another individual gets too close, as opposed to tolerating contact long enough to allow for a possible friendly interaction. He also applies his evolutionary logic to studies of a wider array of animals. He dwells in particular on some marvelous experiments that explore the taming of wild foxes, minks, and other species by human directed artificial selection over many generations.
[D] In his third book, The Goodness Paradox: The Strange Relationship Between Virtue and Violence in Human Evolution, Richard Wrangham deploys fascinating facts of natural history and genetics as he enters a debate staked out centuries ago by Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and still very much alive today: how to understand the conjunction of fierce aggression and cooperative behavior in humans. Why are we so much less violent day-to-day within our communities than our closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are within theirs? At the same time, how is it that human violence directed toward perceived enemy groups has been so destructive?
[E] Such breeding efforts, Wrangham notes, have produced "the domestication syndrome": a change in a suite of traits, not just the low reactive aggression that breeders have deliberately singled out. For instance, in a fox study begun in Russia in the early 1950s, the pups in each litter least likely to bite when approached by humans were bred forward. Yet a variety of other features appeared in tandem with docility, among them a smaller face with a shortened snout and more frequent fertile periods, as in some other similarly domesticated species.
[F] In his new book, Wrangham grapples fully for the first time with the paradox of the title. Over the decades during which he has focused mostly on the dark side of human nature, evidence has steadily accumulated that humans, from early on in their development, are the most cooperative species in the primate world. Put apes and humans in situations that demand collaboration between two individuals to achieve a goal, as a variety of experimenters have done, and even young children perform better than apes. Meanwhile, classic work on chimps has been complemented by new studies of bonobos, our other close relative. No more removed from us genetically than chimps are, they are a radical contrast to them, often called the "make love, not war" species. Some of our nonhuman kin, such fieldwork has revealed, can live and evolve almost without violence.
[G] Wrangham’s 2009 book, Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human, pursued a very different hypothesis. Based on archaeological evidence, he made the case that our ancestors mastered fire much earlier than most of us had believed—perhaps closer to 2 million rather than 800,000 years ago—which changed everything for them. In particular, cooking made possible a much more diverse diet, by allowing the consumption of fruits, leaves, and other plant foods with toxic potential when eaten raw. It made meat, too, safer and easier to digest. As a major bonus, fire extended the day into the night. Given how important we know conversations and stories told around the fire are to human hunter-gatherers, it’s easy to see how this process could have accelerated the evolution of language—an essential ingredient for less physically aggressive interactions.
【B1】→【B2】→【B3】→G→【B4】→【B5】→E
【B2】
选项
答案
B
解析
根据本文首段选项[D]可知,第二段应该是对第一段提到的黑猩猩暴力行为的进一步解释。选项[B]通过研究Kibale国家公园里的黑猩猩,进一步说明黑猩猩暴力行为的普遍性,是对上一段内容的具体分析,因此选项[B]是选项[D]的下一段。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IgMD777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit’spoultryandpigs.The【C1】________ofanimalsallowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.Anew
Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit’spoultryandpigs.The【C1】________ofanimalsallowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.Anew
Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit’spoultryandpigs.The【C1】________ofanimalsallowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.Anew
Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit’spoultryandpigs.The【C1】________ofanimalsallowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.Anew
Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit’spoultryandpigs.The【C1】________ofanimalsallowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.Anew
Howseriouslyshouldparentstakekids’opinionswhensearchingforahome?Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain’skidsh
ThequestionofhowAmericansspentand,crucially,savedmoneyoverthepasttwoyearsloomslargeovertheeconomytoday.Ins
WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninheren
HowdoyouexplaineconomicsinplainEnglish?TheFederalReserveBankofNewYorkhasbeenansweringthequestionwithaneven
Aprettypotplantmightmakeanunemotionalworkspacefeelmorepersonal.Butnewresearchhasrevealedthatofficeplantsdo
随机试题
中国进入新民主主义后,经济上处于领导地位的是
如图4-80所示两系统均作自由振动,其中图(a)系统的周期和图(b)系统的周期分别为()。
全同步16进制加法集成计数器74163构成的电路如题38图所示。74163的功能表如题38表所示。该电路的分频比(即F与CP的频率之比)为()。
在动态控制的三大要素中,目标控制的依据和目的是()。
某小区有两栋相邻的A住宅建筑和B住宅建筑,其中A住宅建筑的耐火等级为二级,自建成起已有40年。它的屋面一部分为坡屋面,其余部分为平屋面。坡屋面部分从A建筑的地面至檐口的距离为30m,至屋脊的高度为32m,平屋面从地面至屋面面层的高度为28m,顶部屋面面积为
全国银行间市场买断式回购对完善市场功能具有的意义有( )。
甲、乙、丙二家公司在S市设立A灯具有限责任公司(以下简称“A公司”),拟定的注册资本为100万元,甲公司以货币出资lO万元,以机器设备出资20万元,乙公司以货币出资10万元,以专利权出资35万元,丙公司以厂房出资25万元。但在公司登记时,工商行政管理机关有
1787年,美国拟定宪法草案期间,为了使大州与小州之间达成共识,康涅狄格州代表罗杰·舍曼提出一项折衷方案获得通过。议会分成参众两院。众议院中每个州的代表数目由州内自由民加上五分之三的奴隶的数目决定。参议院中每个州都有两名代表,由州议会选举产生。国会通过法令
与第一次国民革命统一战线相比较,抗日民族统一战线具有的新特点是()
Don’thazardyourreputationbysupportinghisjointventurewiththegayfromLosAngels.
最新回复
(
0
)