首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
[A] At Kibale, large groups of chimps range together, and aggression escalates accordingly. Wrangham observed as these bigger pa
[A] At Kibale, large groups of chimps range together, and aggression escalates accordingly. Wrangham observed as these bigger pa
admin
2022-11-01
59
问题
[A] At Kibale, large groups of chimps range together, and aggression escalates accordingly. Wrangham observed as these bigger parties of males got excited and went out on "patrol" in what looked like an organized way: They walked along their territorial border, attacking lone chimps from neighboring communities when they came across them en route. In his 1996 book, Demonic Males, co-authored with Dale Peterson, Wrangham recapped this and other evidence to draw a dire portrait of humanity as inherently violent by evolutionary legacy. Here was vivid support for a Hobbesian view of human nature, rooted in genetics.
[B] Wrangham, who teaches biological anthropology at Harvard, was in a sense working toward this latest venture in his two previous books, which explore the opposing poles of behavior. Renowned for his meticulous fieldwork, especially with chimps in Uganda’s Kibale National Park, Wrangham showed just how common chimp brutality is. Jane Goodall, one of the scientists who have been following monkeys, apes, and other creatures in their habitats, had acknowledged with frank regret that her beloved chimpanzees could be quite violent. One mother and daughter killed the infants of other females in their group. Males often coerced and beat females, and would sometimes gang up and attack a chimp from another group.
[C] Wrangham draws on this trove of material as he pursues yet another ambitious hypothesis: "Reduced reactive aggression must feature alongside intelligence, cooperation, and social learning as a key contributor to the emergence and success of our species." By reactive aggression, he means attacking when another individual gets too close, as opposed to tolerating contact long enough to allow for a possible friendly interaction. He also applies his evolutionary logic to studies of a wider array of animals. He dwells in particular on some marvelous experiments that explore the taming of wild foxes, minks, and other species by human directed artificial selection over many generations.
[D] In his third book, The Goodness Paradox: The Strange Relationship Between Virtue and Violence in Human Evolution, Richard Wrangham deploys fascinating facts of natural history and genetics as he enters a debate staked out centuries ago by Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and still very much alive today: how to understand the conjunction of fierce aggression and cooperative behavior in humans. Why are we so much less violent day-to-day within our communities than our closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are within theirs? At the same time, how is it that human violence directed toward perceived enemy groups has been so destructive?
[E] Such breeding efforts, Wrangham notes, have produced "the domestication syndrome": a change in a suite of traits, not just the low reactive aggression that breeders have deliberately singled out. For instance, in a fox study begun in Russia in the early 1950s, the pups in each litter least likely to bite when approached by humans were bred forward. Yet a variety of other features appeared in tandem with docility, among them a smaller face with a shortened snout and more frequent fertile periods, as in some other similarly domesticated species.
[F] In his new book, Wrangham grapples fully for the first time with the paradox of the title. Over the decades during which he has focused mostly on the dark side of human nature, evidence has steadily accumulated that humans, from early on in their development, are the most cooperative species in the primate world. Put apes and humans in situations that demand collaboration between two individuals to achieve a goal, as a variety of experimenters have done, and even young children perform better than apes. Meanwhile, classic work on chimps has been complemented by new studies of bonobos, our other close relative. No more removed from us genetically than chimps are, they are a radical contrast to them, often called the "make love, not war" species. Some of our nonhuman kin, such fieldwork has revealed, can live and evolve almost without violence.
[G] Wrangham’s 2009 book, Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human, pursued a very different hypothesis. Based on archaeological evidence, he made the case that our ancestors mastered fire much earlier than most of us had believed—perhaps closer to 2 million rather than 800,000 years ago—which changed everything for them. In particular, cooking made possible a much more diverse diet, by allowing the consumption of fruits, leaves, and other plant foods with toxic potential when eaten raw. It made meat, too, safer and easier to digest. As a major bonus, fire extended the day into the night. Given how important we know conversations and stories told around the fire are to human hunter-gatherers, it’s easy to see how this process could have accelerated the evolution of language—an essential ingredient for less physically aggressive interactions.
【B1】→【B2】→【B3】→G→【B4】→【B5】→E
【B2】
选项
答案
B
解析
根据本文首段选项[D]可知,第二段应该是对第一段提到的黑猩猩暴力行为的进一步解释。选项[B]通过研究Kibale国家公园里的黑猩猩,进一步说明黑猩猩暴力行为的普遍性,是对上一段内容的具体分析,因此选项[B]是选项[D]的下一段。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IgMD777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit’spoultryandpigs.The【C1】________ofanimalsallowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.Anew
Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit’spoultryandpigs.The【C1】________ofanimalsallowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.Anew
Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit’spoultryandpigs.The【C1】________ofanimalsallowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.Anew
Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit’spoultryandpigs.The【C1】________ofanimalsallowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.Anew
Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit’spoultryandpigs.The【C1】________ofanimalsallowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.Anew
Howseriouslyshouldparentstakekids’opinionswhensearchingforahome?Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain’skidsh
WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninheren
Aprettypotplantmightmakeanunemotionalworkspacefeelmorepersonal.Butnewresearchhasrevealedthatofficeplantsdo
[A]AtKibale,largegroupsofchimpsrangetogether,andaggressionescalatesaccordingly.Wranghamobservedasthesebiggerpa
A)AskingforparentalinvolvementB)SettingupsmallgroupsC)MakingclassroomeventspredictableD)Extendin
随机试题
A.比例B.率C.比D.动态数列E.算术均数表示事物内部各个组成部分所占的比重
发行总额不固定,基金单位总数随时增减,没有固定的存续期限,投资者可以按基金的报价在规定的营业场所申购或赎回基金单位的基金是()
物体近大远小是透视现象的基本规律,透视现象可分为平行透视和倾斜透视。()
如图,设椭圆的中心为原点O,长轴在x轴上,上顶点为A,左、右焦点分别为F1,F2,线段OF1,OF2的中点分别为B1,B2,且△AB1B2是面积为4的直角三角形.过B1作直线L交椭圆于P,Q两点,使PB2⊥QB2,求直线L的方程.
英语课程标准的内容标准包括哪五个方面?并谈谈你对“情感态度”的理解。
(2010国家27)今天,随着科学技术的迅速发展,人们的物质与精神文化需求日益增长,小范围、低水平的科普活动已经不适应时代的发展。“理解科学”这个大“科普”,便成为迫切需要全社会关注的重大课题。随着科学技术的纵深发展,科学技术逐渐形成了自己的概念和逻辑体系
设总体X~N(μ,σ2),X1,X2,…,Xn是来自总体的简单随机样本,.
下列程序的运行结果是()。inty=5。x=14;y=((x=3*y,x+1),x-1);printf("x=%d,y=%d",x,y);
下列关于数据库设计的叙述中,正确的是()。
Fromhervantagepointshewatchedthemaindoorsswingopenandthefirstarrivalspourin.Thosewhohadbeenattheheadoft
最新回复
(
0
)