2. 外语
  3. Bilingual education is controversial in the United States.【C1】______, a growing body of research shows that【C2】______ speaking t

Bilingual education is controversial in the United States.【C1】______, a growing body of research shows that【C2】______ speaking t

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问题     Bilingual education is controversial in the United States.【C1】______, a growing body of research shows that【C2】______ speaking two languages comes with certain types of improved mental【C3】______. Being able to use two languages and never knowing which one to be used right now is good to the brain. The attentional executive system, crucial for all higher thought, seems to be【C4】______.
    Executive functioning allows us to keep a goal in mind, take【C5】______to achieve that goal, and to ignore other information that might【C6】______ us from that goal. The question is; Would it be the case that bilinguals, by the【C7】______need for controlling the two languages, develop a more efficient executive functioning system? The results suggest that bilinguals【C8】______ have this positive collateral effect, which is even stronger when it goes to kids and older people. These are ages【C9】______executive functioning is worse.
    Bilinguals do better at tests that require multitasking, including ones that【C10】______ driving and talking on a phone. And the longer people have spoken multiple languages, the greater the cognitive【C11】______. There are even benefits when languages were【C12】______ at later ages.
    Certainly, bilingualism comes - with some【C13】______. Bilinguals have more " tip-of-the-tongue" problems. There are a couple of milliseconds before they can target. Bilingual children, also, have【C14】______a smaller vocabulary in each of their languages than monolingual children,【C15】______ they probably know more words altogether.
    Still, all of these findings are【C16】______ abstract. It is difficult to take laboratory findings showing better executive functioning in bilinguals and demonstrate that they【C17】______ into better performance in the workplace or some other practical【C18】______. The only real-world application preliminarily demonstrated may be that multilingualism can【C19】______health benefits to Alzheimer’s patients. Bilinguals show【C20】______ of the disease up to four years later than monolinguals.
【C3】
选项 A、reaction
B、condition
C、performance
D、structure
答案C
解析 名词辨析题。句意同上。根据第二段相关内容，经常使用双语对人类所谓的“executive functioningsystem”有益，而该系统是负责让人们对某个目标保持专注的。可见本空涉及大脑的执行力，故performance为答案。双语使用不会改变大脑的“结构”，排除structure；根据后文，使用双语并非对大脑的“反应”能力或“条件”有作用，故排除reaction和condition。
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