首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Multinational Corporations Multinational investment has【1】________. 【1】________. Establishment of a m
Multinational Corporations Multinational investment has【1】________. 【1】________. Establishment of a m
admin
2010-03-25
52
问题
Multinational Corporations
Multinational investment has【1】________. 【1】________.
Establishment of a multinational corporation (MNC) was
a way to generate income from diversified sources, a way to
【2】________ return on investment and to benefit from cheaper 【2】________.
labour abroad.
The formation of the European Economic Community
(EEC) in 1958【3】________ the growth of MNCs. Today the 【3】________.
large MNCs control from 50 to 200 subsidiaries.
A favourable aspect about MNCs is that they create
【4】________ in foreign countries. They also contribute 【4】________.
to innovation or【5】________ of new products and 【5】________.
technology. But when innovation levels off and local technology
reaches a point of sufficiency, MNCs are sometimes considered
to be no longer【6】________. 【6】________.
【7】________ MNCs must learn to interrelate their subsidiaries 【7】________.
with the parent company, to【8】________ decision-making authority 【8】________.
and to develop satisfactory methods of control and supervision.
An MNC must deal with【9】________, different legal 【9】________.
and tax structures, foreign currency. Other problems include how to
secure continued【10】________ to resources, how to increase market 【10】________.
share, and how to tackle increased criticism and interference by foreign
government, etc.
【2】
Multinational Corporations
A multinational corporation (MNC) has industrial and commercial organizations in foreign countries. Manufacturing plants are established abroad, in conjunction with supporting marketing systems.
Multinational investment has a long history. In the early years of this century, European companies realized that their own home markets were small. Just as the Americans went west in the 1800s, European companies like Nestle, Unilever, and Royal Dutch Shell went overseas for new markets and became MNCs well before World WarⅡ. United States companies, which have a large home market of over 218 million people, had other incentives to multinationalize. Establishment of an MNC was a way to generate income from diversified sources, thereby spreading recession risks. It was a way to maximize return on investments, and it was a way to benefit from cheaper labour abroad.
The formation of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1958 spurred the growth of MNCs, especially the American ones. The EEC established import duty-free associations of countries, thus creating vast markets. This meant that one Western European plant of a United States MNC could sell its products within the EEC to a market of 200 million people without running into customs duties between countries. United States multinational growth in Europe was soon followed by the establishment of United States bank branches.
How multinational can a corporation get? Some companies, like Nestle of Switzerland, make over 90 percent of their sales on exports and manufactured goods abroad. Today the large MNCs control from 50 to 200 foreign subsidiaries with 30 to 90 percent of their sales on exports and foreign-produced goods. In 1973 some experts estimated an annual turnover of $600 billion for all MNCs combined. These MNCs owned over 80,000 subsidiaries worldwide. At that time the annual growth rate of MNC sales was estimated at around 10 percent well above the average Gross National Product growth of many nations.
A favourable aspect about MNCs is that they create jobs in foreign countries. They also contribute to innovation or creation of new products and technology. But when innovation levels off and local technology reaches a point of sufficiency, MNCs are sometimes considered to be no longer useful. At this point MNCs run the risk of nationalization, which is the confiscation of a company’s property (plant, equipment, etc. ) by a foreign government with or without adequate compensation. Successful MNCs eventually must learn how to interrelate their subsidiaries with the parent company, how to delegate decision-making authority, and how to develop satisfactory methods of control and supervision.
Having entered the international arena, an MNC faces an awesome task. It must worry not only about how to overcome the communication barriers already mentioned cultural differences, distance, and environment, but also how to deal with the different legal and tax structures in the various countries. An MNC also has to cope with foreign currency so that it can protect its foreign assets. Some other problems an MNC has to consider are: how to secure continued access to resources; how to deal with increased criticism and interference by foreign governments; and how to deal with labour laws and anitrust legislation both at home and abroad.
In recent years MNCs have come under heavy criticism. Domestically they have been accused of exporting jobs, meaning that jobs are lost at home because the MNCs set up plants in other countries, sometimes exporting the products back home for consumption. Less developed countries, on the other hand, charge that for years they have been underpaid for their natural resources may be regarded as a challenge to national sovereignty. In other words, this viewpoint sees the MNC as capable of circumventing or subverting national objectives and policies. This obviously reflects the majority voting power of developing countries in the United Nations.
Widely publicized reports of payoffs to government officials by MNCs, and even interference in local politics, have brought heavy pressure on MNCs to exercise greater care, police their tactics, and redefine their strategy. For example, Lockheed, an American aircraft corporation, was found to have bribed officials in Japan and Europe to gain large government purchase contracts. The case became one of the world’s most notorious episodes in 1970s.
选项
答案
maximize
解析
考查领会讲座要点的能力,即成立跨国公司的主要目的就是从投资中最大限度地赚取利润。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ImqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、Pleasedrawaneatline.B、Goheadifyouhaveenvelopes.C、Areyoureadytogo?D、Canyouexplainwhyyoulie?B
A、She’swaitingforherfather.B、She’shavingherbicyclerepaired.C、ShewantedtosurpriseJohn.D、Sheworksthere.D
大多数英国人喜欢喝茶。英国人每年要喝掉占世界产量1/4的茶叶。他们是世界上最厉害的饮茶者。许多英国人一天至少要在八次不同的场合喝茶。他们在两餐之间喝茶,也在就餐中喝茶。他们在床上喝早茶——有些喝早茶的人将闹钟与自动煮茶机设定在一起。他们也会在客厅或花园里喝
Goodafternoon!Thetopicfortoday’slectureis"The’ClickandGo’Generation"which,ofcourse,referstotoday’steenagers.
IusedtoboastthatBritainwasarelativelyuncorruptsociety.LookatFrance,Iwouldsay,whereahighproportionofrecent
A、TheSurf:AHubforSmallCoastalTownsB、TheSeason:RunningfromtheOctoberSchoolHolidaysC、Australia:CuttingEnergyCon
工作常被看做是生命的重要意义之一,但同时,它又占据了许多成年人生命中太多的时间,导致他们没有机会去做其他事情。
AnydowntimesuchastheEasterweekendbreaktakesmebacktothesummerof2007whenIwentonholidayandnearlydied.Itwas
IrelandiscalledtheEmeraldIsleforitsrichgreencountryside,butpoliticallyitisdividedintotwoparts:______.
Thedeclineofcivilityandgoodmannersmaybeworryingpeoplemorethancrime,accordingtoGentilityRecalled,editedbyDigb
随机试题
若A~B,证明:存在可逆矩阵P,使得AP~BP.
关于离子水化的定义,正确的是
男性,23岁,近1年来刷牙牙龈有时出血。检查:全口游离龈红、水肿,PD:2~3mm,未及釉牙骨质界。此患者最可能的诊断是
患儿纳呆,食无味,形体尚可,常伴嗳气泛恶,胸闷脘痞,大便不调,面色少华,精神正常。舌苔薄白或薄腻,脉尚有力。根据上述症状,可辨证为()
某银行当期期初关注类贷款余额为4500亿元,至期末转为次级类、可疑类、损失类的贷款金额之和为600亿元,期间关注类贷款因回收减少了1000亿元,则关注类贷款向下迁徙率为()。
2015年初甲股份有限公司(以下简称“甲公司”)股东权益总计为45000万元,其中股本30000万元、资本公积1000万元、盈余公积9000万元、未分配利润5000万元,甲公司2015年发生的有关股东权益业务资料如下:(1)经批准,甲公司以增发股票方式
员工流动率的分析方法包括()。
以下儿童语言发展的阐述中,正确的是()
Whatdowemeanbyasatisfactorystandardofliving?Obviously,itmustincludethebasicnecessitiesoflifesuchasfood,clo
预订酒店宴会说明:假定你是秘书JaneSwift,写信给酒店预订宴会,并询问相关情况。内容:1.从报纸上读到该酒店的广告;2.公司计划12月15日晚上在西湖酒店开年会,要预订大约40人的宴会,请估算宴会大概费用:
最新回复
(
0
)