首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families
admin
2011-02-05
76
问题
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle class behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.
Every code of etiquette has contained three elements, basic moral duties, practical rules which promote efficiency and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.
In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission.
Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible, before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.
Extremely refined behaviour, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behaviour in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France.
Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence liter ature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.
In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behaviour of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name.
Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest.
The requisite basis of ______ are roughly the same.
选项
答案
all good manners
解析
(最后一段第一句提到Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary.即,所有良 好的礼节的基本原则都差不多。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/J3AK777K
本试题收录于:
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
Doyoulikecomics?Inthe1950sand1960s,manyteenagersusedtoreadcomicslikeBatman,SupermanorXMen.Someweresofasci
中国是世界上种茶最早、制茶最精、饮茶最多的国家,是茶的故乡。最初,茶只是被作为一种药材而非饮品。【T1】后来,古人逐渐将茶从药材中分离出来成为一种清热的饮料。(定语从句)在那之后,中国的茶文化逐渐形成。【T2】据史料记载,西汉时期已经有
Whogotthewomaninterestedintennis?
AbovearethedataaboutInternetusersinChinabyDecember2020.Writeareportin80-100wordsbasedontheinformationgiv
A、Heisn’tgoodatscientificsubjects.B、Heisnotinterestedinlanguages.C、Hethinksit’sfarfromchallenging.D、Helikes
每种文化都有自己的谚语。【T1】谚语(proverb)是关于生活的短小名言,代代相传(passon)。它们可以追溯到几十年、几百年甚至几千年前,总结了使用谚语的人们的实践经验。谚语能给我们以忠告,所以可以帮助我们做决定。【T2】中国有句谚语:“一失足成
whichofthefollowingnumbersshouldreplacethequestionmark?
AtthelastplaceGary,worked,they______anannualcompanypicnic.Alltheemployees______bringtheirfamiliesalongandsp
ThenewsmediaintheUnitedStates【21】ofradio,televisionandnewspapers.MostAmericansbegintheirdaybyreadingthenewspa
WhatisMr.Bacon’sjobspecifically?
随机试题
铣削六角棱柱,其侧棱之间和侧面之间的夹角是相等的,用分度头简单分度法进行分度。()
Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingatadangerous______.
房颤发生的心外原因首先考虑
宏盛机械进出口公司(2102911013)从香港进口一批无接头电缆,该批商品属于法定检验检疫和自动进口许可管理商品。货物于2005年10月11日在香港装船,于2006年3月5日在天津港入境。宏盛机械进出口公司委托天津某报关公司于次日向海关申报进口。
下列关于持有期货公司股权的表述,正确的有()。
下列选项中不属于信贷人员分析客户的技术水平的是()
根据企业所得税法律制度的规定,纳税人取得的下列收入,应计入应纳税所得额的有()。
家长应根据儿童的年龄特点选择玩具,一岁前儿童玩具主要是()。
伴随着现今的天文科普之热,是否也应带给其他专业的科普工作者一些启示?比如,要让大众真正了解一个学科,除了灌输知识为主的讲座、海报,能否试试另一种“人文路线”,讲讲学科中体现出的自然之美、人类探索精神之美?当然更重要的,是培养一支愿意全情投入的科普工作者队伍
2006年至2011年全年我国农村居民人均纯收入分别为3587元、4140元、4761元、5153元、5919元、6977元;城镇居民人均可支配收入分别为11759元、13786元、15781元、17175元、19109元、21810元。20
最新回复
(
0
)