首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Scientists already knew that bilingual young adults and children perform better on tasks dictated by the brain’s executive contr
Scientists already knew that bilingual young adults and children perform better on tasks dictated by the brain’s executive contr
admin
2015-01-09
71
问题
Scientists already knew that bilingual young adults and children perform better on tasks dictated by the brain’s executive control system. Located at the front of the brain, this system is "the basis for your ability to think in complex ways, control attention, and do everything we think of as uniquely human thought," said Ellen Bialystok, a psychologist at York University in Toronto, Canada.
Now studies are revealing that advantages of bilingualism persist into old age, even as the brain’s sharpness naturally declines, Bialystok said Friday at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington, D. C. Bialystok and colleagues examined 102 longtime bilingual and 109 monolingual Alzheimer’s patients who had the same level of mental acuity. About 24 million people have dementia worldwide, with the majority of them suffering from Alzheimer’s, according to Sweden’s Karolinska Institutet medical university.
The bilingual patients had been diagnosed with the Alzheimer’s about four years later than the monolingual patients, on average, according to Bialystok’s most recent study, published in November in the journal Neurology. This suggests bilingualism is "protecting older adults, even as Alzheimer’s is beginning to affect cognitive function," Bialystok said.
Bialystok is also studying physical differences between bilingual and monolingual brains. In a new experiment, she used CT scans to examine brains of monolinguals and bilinguals with dementia. All the subjects were the same age and functioned at the same cognitive level.
"The physical effects of the disease in the brain were found to be more advanced in the bilinguals’ brains, even though their mental ability was roughly the same," Bialystok told National Geographic News. Apparently, the bilinguals’ brains are somehow compensating, she said. "Even though the ’machine’ is more broken, they can function at the same level as a monolingual with less disease," she said.
"Benefits of bilingualism can begin in uterus," Janet Werker, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia, Canada, told the news briefing. For instance, Werker and colleagues’ recent studies show that babies exposed to two languages in uterus do not confuse their languages from birth.
The mental workout required to keep the languages separate may create an "enhanced perceptual vigilance that has lifelong benefits," Werker said. "What I’d like to suggest is the kind of advantages you’ve heard about in aging can be established from those first days of life, in babies having to keep the two languages apart."
Granted, people born into bilingualism have it a bit easier. "One of the things babies have is the luxury of time—they get the opportunity to really focus on task at hand," Werker said. "If we want to learn a second language, we need to set time aside to allow that to happen" and evidence suggests the payoff is worth it.
Even if you don’t learn a second language until after middle age, it can still help stave off dementia, York’s Bialystok said. Being "bilingual is one way to keep your brain active—it’s part of the cognitive-reserve approach to brain fitness," Bialystok said. And when it comes to exercising the brain by learning another language, she added, "the more the better and every little bit helps. "
According to the passage, which statement is NOT true about dementia?
选项
A、24 million people have dementia around the globe.
B、Alzheimer’s is one of the types of dementia.
C、Bilingual people might delay suffering from dementia.
D、Dementia patients don’t have executive control system.
答案
D
解析
细节题。第一段的首句提到,“…bilingual young adults and children perform better on tasks dictated by the brain’s executive control system.”,这句话是说会双语的人在执行那些由大脑的执行控制系统命令的任务时做得更好,并不是说“dementia patients”不具有“executive control system”,事实上,任何人都有“executive control system”,因此[D]与文意不符,故选[D]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/J5dO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
AstheEnglishproverbgoes,"Honestyisthebestpolicy".Butisthistrue?Moreoftenthannot,peopletellwhiteliestoease
Socrates,sonofSophroniscus,asculptor,wasphilosopherofAthens,Greece.Itissaidthatinearlylifehepracticedhisfat
Researcherssaylightexercisemayhelpto
WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectaboutRaulandhiswork?
WhichofthefollowingnovelswaswrittenbyEmilyBronte?
Googlemaybevaluedatmorethan$185billionandboastmillionsofusers,butthatdoesn’tmeantheInternetgiantisanymatc
Englishisoneoftheworld’smostwidelyspokenlanguages.ThisispartlybecauseitwasthelanguageoftheBritishEmpire.T
乔羽的歌大冢都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知,那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓,他说:“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的,好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园,而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。
党中央、国务院对北京市“非典”防治工作极为重视,胡锦涛总书记做出一系列重要指示,温家宝总理三次到北京视察指导“非典”防治工作。昨天上午,国务院防治非典型肺炎指挥部总指挥、国务院副总理吴仪同志又到北京市检查指导。中央有关部门、兄弟省市给予我们极大关注和有力支
一个人的生命究竟有多大意义,这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难:但是,大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真,看他对待工作、生活的态度如何,也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人,都很严肃地对待自己的生
随机试题
下列有关我国全面发展教育的说法,正确的是()。
为什么说《谏逐客书》是汉赋文风的先导?
(2013年第74题)原发性醛固酮增多症首选的治疗方法是
圈形卡环倒钩卡环
交通、铁道、石油化工、水利等工程建设项目在完成初步设计报告后组织招标,其工程造价控制目标一般以()为限额。
有三个相互独立的投资方案甲、乙、丙,所有方案寿命均为10年,残值为0,基准收益率10%,可利用资本为18万元,项目有关数据见表3-2。则最优方案组
我国对于非公开募集基金的监管的重点集中的在()环节。
你的上级间关系不很协调,经常为一些事争吵,你在中间打算怎么办?
贯彻“三个代表”重要思想,关键在坚持______,核心在坚持党的先进性,本质在坚持执政为民。这是“三个代表”的根本要求。
在考生文件夹下打开文档Word.docx,按照要求完成下列操作并以该文件名(word.docx)保存文件。按照参考样式“Word参考样式.gif”完成设置和制作。具体要求如下:设置第四至第六段文字,要求首行缩进2个字符。将第四至第六段的段首《报告》
最新回复
(
0
)