首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The ancient reputation of Vikings as bloodthirsty raiders on cold northern seas has undergone a radical change in recent decades
The ancient reputation of Vikings as bloodthirsty raiders on cold northern seas has undergone a radical change in recent decades
admin
2017-12-02
101
问题
The ancient reputation of Vikings as bloodthirsty raiders on cold northern seas has undergone a radical change in recent decades. A kinder, gentler, and more fashionable Viking emerged. But our view of the Norse may be about to alter course again as scholars turn their gaze to a segment of Viking society that has long remained in the shadows.
Archaeologists are using recent findings and analysis of previous discoveries—from iron collars in Ireland to possible plantation houses in Sweden—to illuminate the role of slavery in creating and maintaining the Viking way of life.
Scandinavian slavery still echoes in the English language today. The expression "to be held in thrall," meaning to be under someone’s power, traces back to the Old Norse term for a slave: thrall.
Slavery in the region long predates the Vikings. There is evidence of vast economic disparity as early as the first century A. D. , with some people living with animals in barns while others live nearby in large, prosperous homes. Ancient chronicles long mentioned that people, as well as precious objects, were a target of the Viking raids that began in 793 A. D. at the Scottish monastery of Lindisfarne. The Annals of Ulster record "a great booty of women" taken in a raid near Dublin in 821 A. D. , while the same account contends that 3,000 people were captured in a single attack a century later.
Neil Price, an archaeologist at Sweden’s Uppsala University, suspects that "slavery was a very significant motivator in raiding. " One key factor may have been a dire need for women. Some scholars believe that the Vikings were a polygamous society that made it hard for non-elites to find brides. That may have driven the raids and ambitious exploration voyages for which Vikings are best known. Some genetic studies, for example, suggest that a majority of Icelandic women are related to Scottish and Irish ancestors who likely were raid booty.
As Viking fleets expanded, so did the need for wool to produce the sails necessary to power the ships. This also may have driven the need for slaves. The pressing need for wool production likely led to a plantation-like economy, a topic now being studied by researchers. For example, at a Swedish site called Sanda, researchers in the 1990s found a great hall surrounded by small houses. Some Swedish archaeologists now believe this could have been a Viking plantation with slaves as the labor force. "What you likely have is a slave-driven production of textiles," said Price. "We can’t really know who is making the cloth, but the implications are clear. "
William Fitzhugh, an archaeologist at the Smithsonian Institution, added that "female slaves were concubines, cooks, and domestic workers. " Male thralls likely were involved in cutting trees, building ships, and rowing those vessels for their Viking masters. Other studies suggest that Viking slaves were sometimes sacrificed when their masters died, and they ate poorly during their lives.
In the Vikings’ society, female slaves did not serve as______.
选项
A、housemaids
B、wood-cutters
C、concubines
D、cooks
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/J7cO777K
本试题收录于:
NAETI中级口译笔试题库外语翻译证书(NAETI)分类
0
NAETI中级口译笔试
外语翻译证书(NAETI)
相关试题推荐
Butthat’sexactlywhatitfacedaftertheSovietUnioncollapsed.Livingconditionsslid,TBcasesroseandbudgetfundswither
Amongstamultiplicityofothertopics,wetookoccasiontotalkofthedifferentcharactersoftheseveral【C1】______ofEurope
TheSenseofHumorBiologically,thereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals;theabilitytolaugh.Inaun
Everyautumn,retailershirelargenumbersofseasonalworkerstohandletherushofholidaybusiness.Then,afterthenewyear
Ecologicalconstructionisaseriousand______problemfortherealizingofsustainabledevelopmentofecology,economyandsocie
Bush’sMBATwenty-sixof42presidents,includingBillClinton,werelawyers.Sevenweregenerals.GeorgeW.Bushbecomesth
Modernindustrialsocietygrantslittlestatustooldpeople.Infact,suchasocietyhasasystemofbuilt-inobsolescence.The
AnotherAmericanhadbeenkidnappedintheWestBeirut.Fifty-year-oldReedwas________byfourgunmenonChristmasmorning.
Researchersallovertheworldhavebeenseekingfordetermininghowearlyinfancyconceptualthinkingispossible.
Whatdoesthespeakerfeelaboutsummerpictures?
随机试题
孕妇可自行监测胎儿有无宫内窘迫最简单的方法是
在前臂,腕掌侧远端横纹上1.5寸的穴位是()
伤寒的主要病变部位在
A、Legal反应B、Liebermann-Burchard反应C、Raymond反应D、Baljet反应E、Kedde反应3,5-二硝基苯甲酸试剂反应是()。
《中华人民共和国消防法》规定,下列属于消防安全重点单位特有的消防安全职责的是()
单位要举办走群众路线的教育活动座谈会,主要对象是青年干部,领导让你组织,你怎么做?
Whenthesubjectismoney,womenoftenclingtotwopersistentstereotypes,oneapleasantdream,theotheranightmare.In
战略数据规划方法将产品、服务及资源的生命周期划分为有序的四个阶段,其第一个阶段应该是()。
A、Traineesarerequiredtosigncontractsinitially.B、Trainees’performanceisevaluatedwhennecessary.C、Trainees’startings
A、LawyersforChelsea.B、EdenHazard.C、Swanseacoach.D、JoseMourinho.D
最新回复
(
0
)