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  3. We have been living in the nuclear age for over half a century. Since the first atomic bombs were developed, nuclear technology

We have been living in the nuclear age for over half a century. Since the first atomic bombs were developed, nuclear technology

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问题     We have been living in the nuclear age for over half a century. Since the first atomic bombs were developed, nuclear technology has provided governments with the ability to totally destroy the planet. Yet technology has been put into positive use as an energy source and in certain areas of medicine. Is nuclear technology a danger to life on Earth? What are benefits and risks associated with its use? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.
    In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
    Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
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答案 Nuclear Technology: Beneficial or Disastrous? One question that has caused a great deal of controversy over the years is nuclear technology. Although it offers a number of advantages in world peace and green power, it is also a dangerous technology. Nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to life. Even the use of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes also carries some serious risks. In this essay, however, I intend to show how the benefits of such technology counterbalance its disadvantages. The opponents of nuclear power generally base their arguments on the danger it presents to the world. There are two main dangers: the risk of nuclear warfare and the nuclear disasters. The danger of nuclear war is obvious and if one thinks about Chernobyl, it is easy to understand why people are worried about nuclear power, as it can cause major suffering. There are, however, good reasons for believing that nuclear technology is generally advantageous. The first of these is that there has not been a major world conflict since the invention of nuclear weapons. Although nuclear weapons have enlarged the mechanism of war by threatening to kill more people more secretly and more horribly than those of the past, it is generally agreed that such weapons should be the last thing to be thought of as a means to win a war because there would be no winner in any nuclear conflict. If anything goes wrong, the scale of destruction on human lives and civilization is beyond imagination. The nightmare of Hiroshima is a vivid memory, so nuclear weapons hidden in stock somewhere serve to maintain world peace by theory of counter-attack. The other most significant benefit relates to the environment. Perhaps the greatest danger facing our world today is a combination of global warming and the greenhouse effect. This danger is caused partly by burning fossil fuel, which leads to our polluted atmosphere. Nuclear power, however, is a much greener alternative which does not have such negative effects. Already power plants have been in operation in a number of countries. These are successful examples to be followed. All in all, although it is true that nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to life, the use of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes is really beneficial. In all appearances, the fear of war is overcome by the need for economic development.
解析     本文作者认为核能的优点抵消了它给人类带来的威胁。这既承认了，核能的危险性，义明确地表明了自己的态度：即核能功大于过。同时，这也显示了作者是在非常理性地思考这一问题。既然功大于过，那么就需要简要地介绍一下核能的“过”，因此，在第二段中，作者用几句话介绍了反对核能者的两大理由，这些危险也是已经被整个社会认可的。针对这两大理由，作者马上提出了核能相应的优点：一是它可以给人以震慑，这样反而维护了世界和平；二是和平利用核能有利于环境保护。这两点正是对反对者提出的核能给人类带来的两大威胁(核战争、核污染)的有力驳斥。综上所述，整篇文章中作者紧扣主题句，先破后立，驳斥时针对性强、有理有据，结构安排合理，很好地完成了题目的要求。
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