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With the rapid globalization of science itself ( more than 40 percent of scientific Ph. D. students trained in the United States

admin2010-06-30  98
问题      With the rapid globalization of science itself ( more than 40 percent of scientific Ph. D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countries of origin), the once undisputed U. S. scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing.
     The competition of foreign students for positions in U. S. graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U. S. students, because the rapidly increasing sup ply of students has diminished tile relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U. S. students might now see better options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition (whether imported or available through better communication) ,also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U. S. students.
     With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process, the speculative boom of the 1990s (which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly) was largely unexpected. The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while, the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path likely will revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish, in a healthy way, the more traditional (and more independent) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.
     In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions, and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U. S. customer. Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away. The result is that low-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into ever more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U. S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.
Why is scientific training becoming less attractive to U. S. students?
选项 A、Because the U. S. students are unwilling to face the competitions between them and foreign students.
B、Because it is not so rewarding in this career path as before due to the increasing amount of students.
C、Because foreign students take up good position in this field for their advantage.
D、Because U. S. students do not think scientific training can help them make a lot of money.
答案B
解析 文章第二段第一句谈到了美国学生对于学习科学领域的学科并接受相应培训不太感兴趣了，因为随着外国留学生的进入，生源的激增，在这些领域继续做下去所获得收益已经减少了。A和D文章未提及。C与文意不符，文中提到优秀的美国学生并不想从事对于来自较贫穷国家的学生很有吸引力的研究助理之类的工作，他们想做其他领域中更好的。
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