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What type of common law deals with violations committed by individuals against government laws, which are created to protect the
What type of common law deals with violations committed by individuals against government laws, which are created to protect the
admin
2013-12-19
53
问题
What type of common law deals with violations committed by individuals against government laws, which are created to protect the public?
选项
A、Criminal law
B、Civil law
C、Tort law
D、Regulatory law
答案
A
解析
A正确。当个人行为违反了政府法律时,便会动用刑法(criminal law),它是为了保护公众的利益而创建的。入狱判决通常是对刑事案件责任人的处罚,而在民事案件中,处罚通常是责任人必须支付给受害人一定数额的罚款。例如,在O.J.Simpson的案件中,起初按照刑事案件被判无罪;而按照民事案件的话,他则被认为是有责任的。这种看似矛盾的事情之所以发生是因为民事案件的举证责任低于刑事案件。
B不正确。因为民法(civil law)处理的是对个人或者公司造成损害或损失的错误做法。这被称为是侵权法(tort law)。违反侵权法的例子有:非法侵入、背叛、疏忽和产品责任。民事诉讼通常会产生经济赔偿和(或)社区服务,而不是入狱判决。当某人在民事法庭起诉另外一个人时,陪审团只会判定其责任,而不是无罪或有罪。如果陪审团认定被告应为该行为承担责任,然后才会再定夺对本案的惩罚性赔偿。
C不正确。因为侵权法是民法的另一个名称,它处理的是对个人或者公司导致伤害或者损害的错误做法。民法不将判刑作为一种惩罚手段,而是通常要求进行经济赔偿。
D不正确。因为行政法规(regulatory law)处理的是调整绩效和行为的行政标准。这些标准是由政府机构创建,并适用于特定行业内的所有公司和组织。例如,为了预防火灾,每个商用建筑都必须配备火警探测系统和灭火系统,必须有显而易见的出口标志,并且不能有被阻塞的大门等。生产和包装食品和药品的公司受到许多标准的监管,这样可以保护公众的利益并让公众了解该公司的行为。
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