2. 外语
  3. Just imagine every smoker is to give up smoking for the sake of their own and others’ health.

Just imagine every smoker is to give up smoking for the sake of their own and others’ health.

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问题 Just imagine every smoker is to give up smoking for the sake of their own and others’ health.
选项 A、shall
B、will
C、ought to
D、were to
答案D
解析 答案是D。此句考查be动词were的虚拟式。也就是说，不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用were。该句表达了一种美好的愿望：“为了自己和他人的健康，所有的烟民都戒烟了。”这当然几乎是不可能发生的事情，所以其语气才使用了虚拟式。再以“Just imagine every citizen of the world were to refuse to use the internet…”一句为例，一般说来，跟随every citizen的be动词应该是单数的is或was，但因该句是个与现实对立的“虚拟式”，因此才会用were的形式来表示。值得注意的是，英语的“虚拟语气”是英语语法系统中占有相当位置的语法规则。再以“If you should succeed，everything would be alright．”和“If we missed the train，we should have to wait an hour for the next train．”两句为例。因为这两句均是对未来推测的条件句，因此will，shall和miss都用了过去时以证其“虚拟性”。除上述外，还有诸多形式的“虚拟式”的使用值得引起大家的注意。看看下面这几句：“It is strange that she should have behaved like this．”“Even though she were here．I should say the same thing．”“If it hadn’t been for his help，you should have failed the attempt．”，这些都是“虚拟式”语用案例。
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