首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
1. Mass media has made major changes in the American political system, threatening the very core of American democracy. 2.
1. Mass media has made major changes in the American political system, threatening the very core of American democracy. 2.
admin
2006-07-14
44
问题
The development of a mass culture dominated by the media has made major changes in the American political system, changes some observers feel threaten the very core of American democracy.
In the 1940s the first studies were conducted to determine whether mass media was changing American voting patterns. The studies showed that opinion leaders, not the media, were directly affecting voter behavior, although the mass media played an indirect role by influencing the opinion leaders. This discovery led to the formulation of the two-step flow theory of political communication: the mass media influence opinion leaders, who in turn influence others.
Follow-up studies in the 1960s and 1970s, however, indicated that the American political system was changing. The long-standing dominance of political parties was waning and political consultants were replacing party bosses. These consultants had advertising, public relations and opinion-polling backgrounds and had moved into the political arena to sell candidates directly to the American people through the mass media, much like others in their professions were selling soap and toothpaste.
During the twentieth century, the mass media and political advertising began playing significant roles in selling political images. Television, which has become one of the most dominant forms of mass communication in our culture, has emerged as a powerful influence in determining the political destiny of this country. It helped create a winning image for little-known Senator John Kennedy, who narrowly defeated Vice-President Richard Nixon in the 1960 presidential election; led to a decline in popularity of Lyndon B. Johnson; allowed Nixon to win the presidency eight years later by building a more positive television image; and gave national exposure to a little-known peanut farmer and former Georgia governor, Jimmy Carter. By the 1980s the presidency had been turned over to Ronald Reagan, who had made his living communicating in front of the camera. Through his effective use of television, he was soon regarded as one of the most effective communicators ever to hold the office of president.
American political candidates, managed by political consultants, are now using vote videos and direct mail as well as television advertising to get their messages across. Not everyone, however, gives TV so much credit for creating political images. Some studies have indicated that selective exposure, perception and retention play a bigger role in the election process. These studies contend, for example, that people project their own biases into television political commercials and see only what they want to see.
News reporters have been criticized for running stories about candidates’ personal lives, downplaying issues and focusing too much on who is winning. Television news has also been criticized for projecting winners on election night before the polls have closed in the west. This has kept many western voters away from the polls, critics contend.
Not all campaign coverage by the media has been inadequate, however. Television has been instrumental in presenting presidential debates to the American public. Newspapers and some TV stations are now beginning to give better coverage of campaigns by analyzing political ads and reporting on their accuracy. It is hoped that such a trend will make advertisements more truthful and responsible.
选项
答案
1. Mass media has made major changes in the American political system, threatening the very core of American democracy. 2. Studies shows that the mass media influence opinion leaders, who in turn influence voters. 3. Studies also indicated that political consultants were replacing party bosses. They sell candidates directly to the American people through the mass media. 4. The mass media and political advertising play significant roles in selling political images. 5. Television has become powerful in determining the political destiny of this country. 6. Television influenced the political lives of John Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. 7. American political candidates are now using vote videos, direct mail and television advertising to get their messages across. 8. However some studies have indicated that selective exposure, perception and retention play a bigger role in the election process. 9. News reporters have been criticized for running stories about candidates’ personal lives, downplaying issues and focusing too much on who is winning. 10. Newspapers and some TV stations are now beginning to analyze political ads and report on their accuracy.
解析
一、高分词汇
1. Mass media made major changes in American political system.
2. Mass media and political advertising play significant roles in selling political images.
3. TV is powerful in determining the political destiny.
4. American political candidates are now using videos, direct mail and TV ad to get their messages across.
5. Mass media are now beginning to give better coverage of campaigns by analyzing political ads and reporting on their accuracy.
二、细节词汇
1. Mass media influence opinion leaders, who in mm influence voters.
2. Political consultants were replacing party bosses. Political consultant sell candidates directly to the American people through mass media.
3. TV influenced the presidential elections of several presidents.
4. Studies have indicated that selective exposure, perception and retention play a bigger role in the election.
5. News reporters have been criticized for running stories about candidates’ personal lives, downplaying issues and focusing too much on who is winning.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/RguO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级口译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级口译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Stateshavetheprimarydutyfortherealizationoftherighttofood.Theymusttakesteps,tothemaximumoftheiravailabler
Themostcommonprescriptioninsomniamedicineisasedatingantidepressantcalledtrazodone,eventhoughthere’snogoodeviden
Itiswisetohaveanannualphysicalexaminationafterage50;earlierifthereareriskfactorssuchaspolypsorafamilyhis
TheproportionofchildreninAmericawhoareoverweighthastripledoverthepast20yearsandnowexceeds17%,accordingtot
ThegeneralmanagerdemandedthejobwillbecompletedbeforetheNationalDay.
Evenafterhavingtheirgrandchildrenlivewiththemfortenyears,thecouplefeltthat______childrenthesedayswasthemost
DoubleEagleII,thefirsttrans-Atlanticballon,wasgreetedbyavidcrowdsinFrance.
DoubleEagleII,thefirsttrans-Atlanticballoon,wasgreetedbyavidcrowdsinFrance.
尽管规模宏大,但故宫最有趣的一些部分实际上很小。雕刻精致复杂的玉石和大理石,色彩斑斓的琉璃瓦充满了这些房间,讲述关于古代中国历史的故事。天花板上覆盖着精致的雕刻图案。建筑物的屋顶上立着微型雕塑,几个世纪前它们就在那里注视着历届帝王。
A、正确B、错误B题干句子与原文相比出现信息缺失。根据原文“Emmadecidedtoconfinehertoherroomforanentireyear,exceptforthehoursshewasinschoo
随机试题
通过使用避孕套以防止HIV的传播属于在高危人群中筛检HIV抗体阳性者属于
A.抑制细菌蛋白质合成B.抑制细菌细胞壁合成C.影响细菌细胞膜通透性D.干扰细菌叶酸代谢E.抑制细菌DNA螺旋酶氨基糖苷类药物的抗菌机制是
采用会计电算化软件的单位,其会计档案保管期限与手工核算时相比,应该( )。
适用普通税率的进口货物也适用暂定税率。()
用来表示职业生涯兴趣的形状是()。
2010年12月9日,世界权威市场调查机构欧睿国际发布最新的全球家用电器市场调查结果显示:海尔品牌在大型白色家用电器市场占有率为6.1%,再次蝉联全球第一,同比提升1个百分点。其中,海尔在冰箱、洗衣机、酒柜三个产品的市场占有率排名中继续蝉联全球第一。按冰箱
我国某居民企业为增值税一般纳税人,主要生产销售电视机,2010年度销售电视机取得不含税收入14300万元,销售成本和营业税金附加合计5800万元;出租设备取得租金收入300万元;实现的会计利润250万元。与销售有关的费用支出如下:(1)销售费用350
依次填入下面横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是()灾难性的历史从来就有两个含义,即死去的历史和活着的历史。________,________。________,________。________,________。只有在灾难的句号化为一片良
党的十八大的主题是:高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导,解放思想,改革开放,凝聚力量,攻坚克难,坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进,为()而奋斗。
Acalloptionisanoptionwhichgivesthebuyertherighttosellthecurrencyatthestatedstrikepriceonorbeforetheexpi
最新回复
(
0
)