首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
1. Mass media has made major changes in the American political system, threatening the very core of American democracy. 2.
1. Mass media has made major changes in the American political system, threatening the very core of American democracy. 2.
admin
2006-07-14
62
问题
The development of a mass culture dominated by the media has made major changes in the American political system, changes some observers feel threaten the very core of American democracy.
In the 1940s the first studies were conducted to determine whether mass media was changing American voting patterns. The studies showed that opinion leaders, not the media, were directly affecting voter behavior, although the mass media played an indirect role by influencing the opinion leaders. This discovery led to the formulation of the two-step flow theory of political communication: the mass media influence opinion leaders, who in turn influence others.
Follow-up studies in the 1960s and 1970s, however, indicated that the American political system was changing. The long-standing dominance of political parties was waning and political consultants were replacing party bosses. These consultants had advertising, public relations and opinion-polling backgrounds and had moved into the political arena to sell candidates directly to the American people through the mass media, much like others in their professions were selling soap and toothpaste.
During the twentieth century, the mass media and political advertising began playing significant roles in selling political images. Television, which has become one of the most dominant forms of mass communication in our culture, has emerged as a powerful influence in determining the political destiny of this country. It helped create a winning image for little-known Senator John Kennedy, who narrowly defeated Vice-President Richard Nixon in the 1960 presidential election; led to a decline in popularity of Lyndon B. Johnson; allowed Nixon to win the presidency eight years later by building a more positive television image; and gave national exposure to a little-known peanut farmer and former Georgia governor, Jimmy Carter. By the 1980s the presidency had been turned over to Ronald Reagan, who had made his living communicating in front of the camera. Through his effective use of television, he was soon regarded as one of the most effective communicators ever to hold the office of president.
American political candidates, managed by political consultants, are now using vote videos and direct mail as well as television advertising to get their messages across. Not everyone, however, gives TV so much credit for creating political images. Some studies have indicated that selective exposure, perception and retention play a bigger role in the election process. These studies contend, for example, that people project their own biases into television political commercials and see only what they want to see.
News reporters have been criticized for running stories about candidates’ personal lives, downplaying issues and focusing too much on who is winning. Television news has also been criticized for projecting winners on election night before the polls have closed in the west. This has kept many western voters away from the polls, critics contend.
Not all campaign coverage by the media has been inadequate, however. Television has been instrumental in presenting presidential debates to the American public. Newspapers and some TV stations are now beginning to give better coverage of campaigns by analyzing political ads and reporting on their accuracy. It is hoped that such a trend will make advertisements more truthful and responsible.
选项
答案
1. Mass media has made major changes in the American political system, threatening the very core of American democracy. 2. Studies shows that the mass media influence opinion leaders, who in turn influence voters. 3. Studies also indicated that political consultants were replacing party bosses. They sell candidates directly to the American people through the mass media. 4. The mass media and political advertising play significant roles in selling political images. 5. Television has become powerful in determining the political destiny of this country. 6. Television influenced the political lives of John Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. 7. American political candidates are now using vote videos, direct mail and television advertising to get their messages across. 8. However some studies have indicated that selective exposure, perception and retention play a bigger role in the election process. 9. News reporters have been criticized for running stories about candidates’ personal lives, downplaying issues and focusing too much on who is winning. 10. Newspapers and some TV stations are now beginning to analyze political ads and report on their accuracy.
解析
一、高分词汇
1. Mass media made major changes in American political system.
2. Mass media and political advertising play significant roles in selling political images.
3. TV is powerful in determining the political destiny.
4. American political candidates are now using videos, direct mail and TV ad to get their messages across.
5. Mass media are now beginning to give better coverage of campaigns by analyzing political ads and reporting on their accuracy.
二、细节词汇
1. Mass media influence opinion leaders, who in mm influence voters.
2. Political consultants were replacing party bosses. Political consultant sell candidates directly to the American people through mass media.
3. TV influenced the presidential elections of several presidents.
4. Studies have indicated that selective exposure, perception and retention play a bigger role in the election.
5. News reporters have been criticized for running stories about candidates’ personal lives, downplaying issues and focusing too much on who is winning.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/RguO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级口译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级口译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Heharassedmewithcondemnations.
邓小平是中国改革开放的总设计师。邓小平提出了“建设有中国特色社会主义”的理论;支持在农村实行联产承包责任制,在城市推行打破“大锅饭”的各种经济责任制,建立公有制基础上的社会主义市场经济体制。同时,他倡导改革政治体制,如党政分开,下放权力,发扬民主等。
北京上周宣布人民币不再盯住美元,给全球货币、债券和商品市场带来冲击波。北京新的影响力由此清晰可见。通过购买国库券,中国向美国消费者和政府提供着廉价资金。如果人民币转而盯住一篮子货币导致中国减持美元资产,那么美国的债券收益率可能就会上升。美国的中国
Yourfouryearsofcollegemaypassbyinthetwinklingofaneyeanditisthereforeveryimportantthatyoumakethemostofy
求职为了在当今全球化市场中获得成功,公司必须雇佣最优秀、最聪明的员工。拥有才华出众的雇员是决定成败的关键。在新的经济体制下,求职的竞争激烈必须付出最大努力。在过去,工作和事业是稳定的,容易预测的。如今这一切都不同了。工作、事业和职场变幻
Whenyou’rebored,mentallydrained,orjustnotabletofocusonthetaskathand,afewminutesofphysicalmovementcanfire
Areyouhavingdifficultyfollowingdiets?Ourlivesarewaymorecomplexthanthosewhichallowustosticktoamonotonousres
Theblueoftheseaiscausedbythescatteringofsunlightbytinyparticlessuspendedinthewater.Bluelight,beingofshort
Somepeopleassociatemigrationmainlywithbirds.Birdsdotravelvastdistances,butmammalsalsomigrate.Anexampleisthec
UnderwhatcircumstanceswouldBobreplacehim?
随机试题
麻醉药品,做到“五专”,即
生后两天的新生儿,一般状态良好,但其网织红细胞5%,血涂片发现计100个白细胞,可见大量的有核红细胞和少量幼稚中性粒细胞,提示
患者,35岁,以“广泛性焦虑,伴惊恐发作”而收入院,护士不妥的做法是
共同犯罪人的种类有()。
甲上市公司于2014年2月1日作出虚假陈述,2014年7月1日中国证监会作出处罚决定对甲上市公司的行为进行处罚并予以公告。根据规定,下列各项中,投资者的损失与甲上市公司的虚假陈述行为具有因果关系的是()。
星形线绕Ox轴旋转所得旋转曲面的面积为_________.
windows98提供的网络服务器组件有______和个人Web服务器。
要设置窗体的控件属性值,可以使用的宏操作是()。
请在【答题】菜单下选择【进入考生文件夹】命令,并按照题目要求完成下面的操作。注意:以下的文件必须保存在考生文件夹下。为了更好地控制教材编写的内容、质量和流程,小李负责起草了图书策划方案(请参考“图书策划方案.docx”文件)。他需要将图
Whatdidthewomandoinherfirstjob?
最新回复
(
0
)