首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
1. Mass media has made major changes in the American political system, threatening the very core of American democracy. 2.
1. Mass media has made major changes in the American political system, threatening the very core of American democracy. 2.
admin
2006-07-14
60
问题
The development of a mass culture dominated by the media has made major changes in the American political system, changes some observers feel threaten the very core of American democracy.
In the 1940s the first studies were conducted to determine whether mass media was changing American voting patterns. The studies showed that opinion leaders, not the media, were directly affecting voter behavior, although the mass media played an indirect role by influencing the opinion leaders. This discovery led to the formulation of the two-step flow theory of political communication: the mass media influence opinion leaders, who in turn influence others.
Follow-up studies in the 1960s and 1970s, however, indicated that the American political system was changing. The long-standing dominance of political parties was waning and political consultants were replacing party bosses. These consultants had advertising, public relations and opinion-polling backgrounds and had moved into the political arena to sell candidates directly to the American people through the mass media, much like others in their professions were selling soap and toothpaste.
During the twentieth century, the mass media and political advertising began playing significant roles in selling political images. Television, which has become one of the most dominant forms of mass communication in our culture, has emerged as a powerful influence in determining the political destiny of this country. It helped create a winning image for little-known Senator John Kennedy, who narrowly defeated Vice-President Richard Nixon in the 1960 presidential election; led to a decline in popularity of Lyndon B. Johnson; allowed Nixon to win the presidency eight years later by building a more positive television image; and gave national exposure to a little-known peanut farmer and former Georgia governor, Jimmy Carter. By the 1980s the presidency had been turned over to Ronald Reagan, who had made his living communicating in front of the camera. Through his effective use of television, he was soon regarded as one of the most effective communicators ever to hold the office of president.
American political candidates, managed by political consultants, are now using vote videos and direct mail as well as television advertising to get their messages across. Not everyone, however, gives TV so much credit for creating political images. Some studies have indicated that selective exposure, perception and retention play a bigger role in the election process. These studies contend, for example, that people project their own biases into television political commercials and see only what they want to see.
News reporters have been criticized for running stories about candidates’ personal lives, downplaying issues and focusing too much on who is winning. Television news has also been criticized for projecting winners on election night before the polls have closed in the west. This has kept many western voters away from the polls, critics contend.
Not all campaign coverage by the media has been inadequate, however. Television has been instrumental in presenting presidential debates to the American public. Newspapers and some TV stations are now beginning to give better coverage of campaigns by analyzing political ads and reporting on their accuracy. It is hoped that such a trend will make advertisements more truthful and responsible.
选项
答案
1. Mass media has made major changes in the American political system, threatening the very core of American democracy. 2. Studies shows that the mass media influence opinion leaders, who in turn influence voters. 3. Studies also indicated that political consultants were replacing party bosses. They sell candidates directly to the American people through the mass media. 4. The mass media and political advertising play significant roles in selling political images. 5. Television has become powerful in determining the political destiny of this country. 6. Television influenced the political lives of John Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. 7. American political candidates are now using vote videos, direct mail and television advertising to get their messages across. 8. However some studies have indicated that selective exposure, perception and retention play a bigger role in the election process. 9. News reporters have been criticized for running stories about candidates’ personal lives, downplaying issues and focusing too much on who is winning. 10. Newspapers and some TV stations are now beginning to analyze political ads and report on their accuracy.
解析
一、高分词汇
1. Mass media made major changes in American political system.
2. Mass media and political advertising play significant roles in selling political images.
3. TV is powerful in determining the political destiny.
4. American political candidates are now using videos, direct mail and TV ad to get their messages across.
5. Mass media are now beginning to give better coverage of campaigns by analyzing political ads and reporting on their accuracy.
二、细节词汇
1. Mass media influence opinion leaders, who in mm influence voters.
2. Political consultants were replacing party bosses. Political consultant sell candidates directly to the American people through mass media.
3. TV influenced the presidential elections of several presidents.
4. Studies have indicated that selective exposure, perception and retention play a bigger role in the election.
5. News reporters have been criticized for running stories about candidates’ personal lives, downplaying issues and focusing too much on who is winning.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/RguO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级口译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级口译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
中国加入WTO对国内汽车工业的影响中国的汽车工业大致可以分为两部分:中方独资公司和跨国公司控股的中国公司。中国汽车工业有以下优势:首先,中国在21世纪将成为世界上最大的消费市场。其次,中国已建立起完整的汽车工业体系,某些产品已达到20世纪90年代国
Itlooksasifweareinforastorm.
Amysettlesintoherseat,takesouthercomputerandreadsovertheagendaforthemeetingtowhichshe’straveling.
清晨3:45进行了最后表决。经过半年的争辩和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论,澳大利亚北部地区(即澳北州)成了世界上第一个允许医生根据病人意愿结束绝症患者生命的合法当局。这一法案是以15票通过对10票反对的无可争议的结果通过的。这一消息几乎同时出现在互联网上。
人口普查官员说,并不是所有这些迁移都是为了离开寒带,绵延不断的移民潮还有当年“生育高峰”时期出生的孩子已经到了生育年龄,这些因素都在起着作用。此外,人口统计学家发现,向南部和西部的不断迁移还伴随着一种与此相关却又与以往不同的现象:越来越多的美国人
ANewNationAtthebeginningofthe20thcentury,Australiawasanopenanddemocratic"newworld"society.Intheabsence
USenrollmentofinternationalstudentsdeclinedforthesecondyearinarow,sendingwavesofuneaseacrossAmericancolleges
Hisfailure______greatdisappointmentstohisparents.
Alinesegment,whichispartofastraightline,beginsatonepointendingatanother.
Thereisapopularsaying—Appearancedoesnotmatter.However,undersomecircumstances,undoubtedlyitisclearly.
随机试题
下列对禽流感的描述错洪的是()。
患牙浮起、松动,局部黏膜明显红肿,伴全身不适、发热及淋巴结肿大。X线片示根尖周透射影。镜下见根尖周牙周膜坏死、液化形成大脓肿。周围牙槽骨骨髓腔中较多中性粒细胞浸润。这是
6岁男孩尿少,水肿2天,血压130/90mmHg,尿常规:蛋白(抖),红细胞25个/HP,白细胞15个/HP。应采取的紧急措施是
引起急性前间壁心肌梗死闭塞的冠状动脉分支是
甲公司对某公司(非乙公司)因或有事项确认了一项负债60万元;同时,因该或有事项,甲公司还可以从乙公司获得赔偿40万元,且这项赔偿金额基本确定能够收到。在这种情况下,甲公司在利润表中应确认的营业外支出为()万元。
器官
下列这些理论中,( )是小组工作发展模式的理论基础。
请阅读下列材料,并按要求作答。 看一看,因数与积的小数位数有什么关系。 想一想:上面这些小数乘法是怎样计算的? (1) 怎样点小数点? 3.7×4.60.29×0.076.5×8.4试分析小数乘法的算法。
()年级儿童能运用演绎推理来解释个别现象,但如果其解释与事实在表面上不相似时,判断中的逻辑关系就会受到破坏
A、Itisdifficultforstudentstogetanaveragescore.B、Thestudentsdiscussandtalkabouttheirlivesquiteoften.C、Itisr
最新回复
(
0
)