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  3. In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A —G to

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A —G to

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问题 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A —G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
    Confronted with a sink suddenly leaking water many homeowners have neither the knowledge nor the materials to make the repair themselves. In choosing a plumber they generally have to rely on some sort of signal of quality. A recommendation from a stranger helps; a recommendation from a sensible neighbour can help even more; prior, direct experience is best of all.
    Government regulators can be said to be permanently in need of plumbers. Faced with a rapidly changing market and technological advances—of financial instruments, medical therapies, agricultural methods, software- the regulatory agencies have to make decisions quickly. 【R1】______.
    Jerry Kim, an assistant professor of business at Columbia University, wanted to test the relationship between reputation and regulatory treatment at the Food and Drug Administration(FDA). He looked at 884 New Drug Applications(NDAs)submitted to the FDA for approval between 1990 and 2004. A firm’s reputation, in this case, depended not on its market share or the use of its drugs, but its generation of knowledge and innovation. 【R2】______.
    The hypothesis proved correct: the higher the firm’s reputation, the more likely that its drugs would speed through the approval process. Other factors influenced FDA approval as well. 【R3】______. A firm’s political contributions, meanwhile, were a non-factor.
    Mr. Kim also found a curious side effect of the drug-approval process. The FDA has a special "priority" rating for those drugs believed to be significantly better than existing treatments.(New drugs, or those first to treat a disease, are more likely to be designated priority.)There was no statistically significant relationship, however, between a firm’s reputation and the likelihood of its application receiving priority status. 【R4】______. In separate research, Mr. Kim found that the approved drugs from high-status firms were more likely to prompt product recalls or warnings. In short, the established firms may travel more easily.
    Mr. Kim draws two lessons from his findings. One is practical; new biotech firms may want to partner with veterans to get their products to market more quickly and establish a strong reputation. The second is to adopt a healthy skepticism about the ability of regulators to protect the public. 【R5】______. "These people... really are dedicated to serving public interest and they’re trying their best," says Mr. Kim of his talks with FDA researchers. "The problem is, their best is not always good enough. "
[A]Drugs targeted at "underserved" illnesses(those that lack good treatments)were approved more quickly, for example, while any drug submitted after a product recall, regardless of whether or not it was related to the recalled drug, was more likely to spend additional time under review.
[B]To find reputable plumbing contractors government should study the field more thoroughly and set a standard to make sure that all the plumbers are licensed and to ensure safe operation of water heaters and boilers.
[C]The biases he found were not the kind easily attributable to underhanded bribery, lobbying, or even more subtle political pressures; rather, they are the result of trying to process a great deal of information quickly.
[D]j Mr. Kim’s hypothesis was that a firm with a longer track record of contributing to drug development would have its NDAs approved faster than would a developer less well known to the FDA. The more patent citations a firm had, the greater its knowledge reputation.
[E]The most common side effects associated with the drug include headache and stomachache. The medication should not be taken by people who are trying to restrict their sodium intake.
[F]It might then make sense that, as one would welcome a recommended plumber, regulators might be more willing to trust companies with stronger reputations.
[G]This suggests that established firms are not more likely to turn out innovative or especially useful drugs than their lesser-known peers.
【R4】
选项
答案G
解析 空格出现在第五段中间。该段首句指出Kim发现了药物审批过程中一个意外结果，并对这一结果进行具体说明：管理部门会将新药或者疗效更显著的药品纳入优先审批等级，但公司的声誉与其获得优先审批地位没有显著关系。由此可知，声誉好的企业并不比名气小的企业创造出更多的新药或好药，[G]表达的正是这一观点，是对上文的恰当总结和推断。另外，该选项与下文“研究表明，高信誉公司更容易面临药品召回”形成递进关系。[E]出现了side effect和drug等词，有一定干扰，但该选项介绍的是具体某种药物的副作用和不适宜人群，而原文讲的是药物审批过程(drug-approval process)存在的问题，并非针对某种具体药物，因此[明不符合语境要求。
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