2. 外语
  3. 1 The field of economics studies the basic problems that every economy must face: what goods will be produced and for whom they

1 The field of economics studies the basic problems that every economy must face: what goods will be produced and for whom they

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问题 1 The field of economics studies the basic problems that every economy must face: what goods will be produced and for whom they will be produced. The underlying assumptions of the field are that resources are scarce, or at least limited, and that not all human needs and desires can be met. How to allocate limited resources in the fairest and most efficient way is a principal concern of economists.
2 Two major branches of economics are macroeconomics and microeconomics. Macroeconomics is concerned with how a national or regional economy behaves as a whole. It analyzes aggregate data in such areas as the gross national product, general price levels, and total employment. Macroeconomists examine how national income, output, consumption, inflation, and investment influence each other, and try to determine why any imbalance among them occurs. They develop models to explain the interplay of forces and to make economic forecasts. Governments use macroeconomic models to guide the creation and evaluation of economic policy. Large corporations use macroeconomic models in developing their business strategy.
3 Microeconomics is mainly focused on economic activity in the individual case, whether it is a single firm, commodity, or group of consumers. It studies how individuals, households, and companies make decisions to allocate limited resources. It is especially interested in what determines the price levels of goods and services in specific markets. Moreover, it analyzes market failure by examining where and why markets fail to produce efficient results.
The passage states that economics is primarily concerned with
选项 A、why people like to have new things
B、who should make decisions about money
C、how a society allocates scarce resources
D、why some goods are more expensive than others
答案C
解析 Economics is primarily concerned with how a society allocates scarce resources. Clues: The underlying assumptions of the field are that resources are scarce...; How to allocate limited resources...is a principal concern of economists.
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