首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
For a society to exist, it must have a system of leadership. Some people will have to have power over others. As Max Weber point
For a society to exist, it must have a system of leadership. Some people will have to have power over others. As Max Weber point
admin
2018-01-31
66
问题
For a society to exist, it must have a system of leadership. Some people will have to have power over others. As Max Weber pointed out, however, people can perceive power as legitimate or illegitimate. Weber used the term authority to refer to legitimate power that is, power that people accept as right. In contrast, illegitimate power, coercion, is power that people do not accept as just.
1. Custom and authority
Throughout the world’s history, the most common form of authority has been traditional. Traditional authority, which is based on custom, is the hallmark of preliterate groups. In these societies, custom dictates basic relationships.
2. Traditional gender difference
Gender relations in preliterate groups are also based on traditional authority. The divisions between men and women are based on the past, with custom determining that a gulf should be maintained between them. Custom also dictates the specifics of their relationships.
3. Change of tradition
When traditional society changes, traditional authority is undermined.
4. Tradition in modern society
Even in industrial and postindustrial societies, however, traditional authority never totally dies out.
5. Challenges to tradition
This traditional authority, unquestioned in most places in the world, has not gone completely challenged, however. Just as for the widow of Spain and Portugal, matters are no longer as clear-cut as they once were, and some Western societies debate the right of parents to hit their kids.
Although the images that come to mind when we think of power are those of government—kings, queens, coups, dictatorships, running for office, voting—traditional authority, in the sense of power relations, is also an inevitable part of everyday life.
[A]In a democracy, for example, the president’s authority comes from the office, as specified in the written constitution, not from his or her reputation or personal characteristics.
[B]A good case in point is Sweden: it has even passed laws that forbid spanking, and Sweden authorities arrest parents who lay a hand on their children.
[C]For example, in small villages in southern Spain and in a large part of Portugal, widows are expected to wear only black until they remarry—which generally means that they wear black for the rest of their lives. The force of a tradition is so strong that if a widow were to violate the dress code, she would create a scandal.
[D]Parental authority provides an excellent example. Parents exercise authority over their children because they have always had such authority. From generations past, we inherit the idea that parents are not only responsible for providing their children with food, shelter, and discipline, but also that they have the right to choose their children’ s doctors and schools, and teach them religion and morality.
[E]For example, because of birth a particular individual becomes the chief, king, or queen. As far as members of that society are concerned, this is the right way to determine a ruler because "that is the way it has always been done. "
[F]As a society industrializes, for example, new perspectives on life open up, and no longer does traditional authority go unchallenged. Thus, in contemporary southern Spain and parts of Portugal, you can see old women dressed in black from head to toe, and you immediately know their marital status. Younger widows , however, are likely to be indistinguishable from other women.
选项
答案
D
解析
本段主题是现代社会中遗存的权威形式。D项例子说明家长权威就是传统权威遗存的一个代表(Parental authority provides an excellent example)。后面继续提出即使随着时代的变迁,家长对孩子的权威继续发挥着作用(Parents exercise authority over their children because they have always had such authority)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/KxBZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Itwouldbeinterestingtodiscoverhowmanyyoungpeoplegotouniversitywithoutanyclearideaofwhattheyaregoingtodoa
Itwouldbeinterestingtodiscoverhowmanyyoungpeoplegotouniversitywithoutanyclearideaofwhattheyaregoingtodoa
Whatoncewasconsidered"pieinthesky"isslowlybecominglaw.InNewYork,statelegislatorsjustagreedtoraisethestate
Whatoncewasconsidered"pieinthesky"isslowlybecominglaw.InNewYork,statelegislatorsjustagreedtoraisethestate
Losingajobisconsideredoneofthefivemoststressfullifechangesyoucanexperience.【F1】Thosewhohavebeentheresayit
ThePresident,inwhosehandstheUSgovernmentalsystemplacestheexecutivepower,owesneitherhiselectiontothatofficeno
LiedetectorsarewidelyusedintheUnitedStatestofindoutwhetherapersonistellingthetruthornot.【F1】Polygraphers,th
Manywilldoubttobaccoindustryclaimsthatitissharpeningitssciencetoevaluate"healthiercigarettes".Butthat’swhatwi
AstheSenatepreparestovoteonlegislationtoempowertheFoodandDrugAdministrationtoregulatetobaccoproducts,itsmemb
随机试题
如果脉冲重复频率是10kHz,下面哪种多普勒频移可导致混叠
某企业“应付账款”科目月末贷方余额20000元,其中:“应付账款——甲公司”明细科目贷方余额为15000元,“应付账款——乙公司”明细科目贷方余额为5000元。“预付账款”科目月末贷方余额30000元,其中:“预付账款——A单位”明细科目借方余额为
对危害健康行为下列哪个概念是错误的
抗感冒药的组方原则A、咖啡因B、抗过敏药C、菠萝蛋白酶D、解热镇痛药E、鼻黏膜血管收缩药促进药物对病灶的渗透和扩散
关于国家的领土主权,下列说法中正确的有:
品牌战略的类型包括单一品牌战略、多品牌战略和()。
(2016年)下列有关关联方审计的说法中错误的有()。
某学生学习钢琴弹奏技能,在练习一段时间之后发现自己的成绩总是提高不明显.其原因可能是由()现象导致的。
IS—LM曲线IS的左下方、LM的右下方区域的均衡,是()。
Check-inRequirementsPassengersandtheirbaggagemustbecheckedinatleast45minutesbeforedeparturefordomesticflig
最新回复
(
0
)