首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Modern Examinations In the schools of ancient times, the most important examinations were spoken. Usually the students were s
Modern Examinations In the schools of ancient times, the most important examinations were spoken. Usually the students were s
admin
2013-10-08
49
问题
Modern Examinations
In the schools of ancient times, the most important examinations were
spoken. Usually the students were supposed to say poetry aloud or give 【1】______
【1】______or discuss questions. Although the concrete forms of exami
nations were various, they were alike in their essence, that is, they were
spoken, which partly remains till today.
However, modern examinations take a different form —— a written
form, which was developed in the19th century due to the increase in 【2】 【2】______
______and the development of modern industry. But in the process of examination, teachers and students are supposed to act like 【3】______ 【3】______
but not human. Commonly there are two types of tests used in modern schools, they are called "objective" test and "subjective" test respectively. With the
former one concentrated on the 【4】______of facts while the latter one 【4】______
on personal 【5】______, the two are different in many ways. Of course 【5】______
they both have advantages and disadvantages. So far as the "objective" test
is concerned, it is fair, above all, and then it is very efficient because its
form of answer is simple and objective, and it is easy to be 【6】______ 【6】______
But as this way of testing sometimes depends too much on "【7】______ 【7】______
’, it is ultimately not very satisfactory. As for the "subjective" test, it u
sually refers to "【8】______ "tests, which, comparatively speaking, 【8】______
contains less element of luck and thus can better reflect the students’ abili
ty of putting facts together into a meaningful whole. However, because this form of testing requires students to write long answers, the students’ ability
of 【9】______becomes a disturbing factor. Besides, the examiners’ 【9】______
feelings are different, that is to say, they are subjective when scoring
students’ answers. Therefore, the "subjective" test is not so fair as the
"objective" one.
From the above, we know that whatever kinds of tests .we take, it
would be 【10】______, and problems would arise. However, if we 【10】______
combine these two types together, we would get a clearer picture of
students’ ability through testing.
【6】
Modern Examinations
In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted Of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches. In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doc tor’ s degree.
Generally, however, modem examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great in crease in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines. There is nothing very human about the examination process.
Two types of tests are commonly used in modem schools. The first type is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly. Sometimes the question is expressed in the form of an incomplete statement, and the answers are phrases which could complete the statement.
For example:
Mahatma Gandhi was (A) an ancient palace in Asia
(B) a famous Roman general
(C) a religious leader in India
(D) a great Christian teacher
On objective tests the student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and copy its letter (or number) on his examination paper. Sometimes there is an answer sheet on which the four letters or numbers are printed. Then the student has only to circle the one that goes with the correct answer. For testing a student’ s memory of facts and details, the objective test has advantages. It can be scored very quickly by the teacher or even by a machine. In a short time the teacher can find out a great deal about the student’ s range of knowledge. For testing some kinds of learning, however, such a test is not very satisfactory. A lucky student may guess the correct answer without really knowing the material. Moreover, some of the wrong answers are usually more incorrect than others, yet the scores on the test will not take account of this fact. Looking at the example given above, we can see that C is the expected answer. But a student who chooses A or B shows that he knows nothing at all about Gandhi, while the student who chooses D seems at least to know that he was a person with a strong influence upon the ideas of others. The student who chooses D should therefore receive a higher grade than one who chooses A or B, but this is not how objective tests work. For a clearer picture of what the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use "essay" tests, which require students to write long answers to broad general questions, such as the following:
Mention several ways in which Mahatma Gandhi has influenced the thinking of people in his own country and in other parts of the world.
One advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the element of luck. The student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess. Another advantage is that it shows the examiner more about the student ’ s ability to put facts together into a meaningful whole. It should show how deeply he has thought about the subject. Sometimes, though, essay tests have disadvantages, too. Some students are able to write rather good answers without really knowing much about the subject, while other students who actually know the material have trouble expressing their ideas in essay form. Be sides, on an essay test the student’ s score may depend upon the examiner’ s feelings at the time of reading the answer. If he is feeling tired or bored, the student may receive a lower score than he should. Another examiner reading the same answer might give it a much higher mark. From this stand point the objective test gives each student a fairer chance, and of course it is easier and quicker to score.
Most teachers and students would probably agree that examinations are unsatisfactory. Students dislike taking them; teachers dislike giving them and scoring students’ answers. Whether an objective test or an essay test is used, problems arise. When some objective questions are used a long with some essay questions, however, a fairly clear picture of the student’s knowledge can usually be obtained.
选项
答案
scored
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/L2ZO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Themaintopicofthenewsitemis
BritishEducationalSystem1.PrimaryandsecondaryeducationinBritain1)Childrengototheprimaryschoolattheageof(1)
EveryEnglishmanisbornwithacertainmiraculouspowerthatmakeshimthemasteroftheworld.(1)______Whenhewantsa
DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquickly
TheMidwestisAmerica’smostimportant______area.
Tobecalledbeautifulisthoughttonamesomethingessentialtowomen’scharacterandconcerns.(Incontrastbymen—whoseessen
______werethefirstknownsettlersofBritain.
______areboundmorphemesbecausetheycanNOTbeusedasseparatewords.
记忆是人类有别于禽兽的标志之一。对心灵,它有时是沉重的负担,有时又是无法估价的财富。人们时而巴不得没有它,时而又十分稀罕。它能冲破时空局限,使生活从平面变为多棱多角。一个人可以游遍天下山山水水,然而梦境里出现的,往往不是什么名川佳境,而是幼年走过
有时候,在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人意见,体察别人的需要,虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误,敢于承担自己的责任,这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司
随机试题
在Windows中使用U盘不需要专门安装相应的驱动程序,其他外围设备也无须安装驱动程序就可以正常工作。()
主动辅助运动主要适应于肌力几级的患者
人体的特性参数包括()。
注册税务师受托对某企业2001年度企业所得税纳税情况进行审核,发现该企业向非金融机构的借款利息支出为20万元,按照金融机构的同期、同类贷款利率计算的利息应为14万元,则在计算2001年度应纳税所得额时,允许扣除的利息为( )万元。
对于以现金结算的股份支付,可行权日后相关负债公允价值发生变动的,其变动金额应在资产负债表日计入财务报表的项目是()。
构成比的计算公式是()
“甲规则适用于乙案件,丙案件在实质上与乙案件相似,因此甲规则也适用于丙案件”,是对下列哪种推理形式的表述?()
(87年)f(x)=|xsinx|ecosa(一∞<x<+∞)是
假定学生关系是S(S#,SNAME,SEX,AGE),课程关系是C(C#,CNAME,TEACHER),学生选课关系是SC(S#,C#,GRADE)。要查找选修"COMPUTER"课程的女学生的姓名,将涉及到关系
空港へ友達を迎えに行きました。
最新回复
(
0
)