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  3. Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex

Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex

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问题     Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex injuries to treat. The "blast wave" from the explosion acts like "an invisible wall of energy. " Its tremendous energy can inflict massive internal injuries, says Mark Morocco, associate professor of emergency medicine. Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center.
    "Blast injury is one of the most challenging constellations of injuries," says John Chovanes, trauma surgeon at Cooper University Hospital in Camden, N. J. , and an Army reservist who has done three combat tours in Iraq and Afghanistan. He has treated dozens of blast victims. In one explosive event, Chovanes says, a victim can suffer the blunt trauma of a high-speed auto accident from the high-pressure blast wave, the penetrating destruction of multiple bullet wounds from the shrapnel and potentially a swath of disfiguring burns. The rapid pressure wave can instantly inflate the stomach with air, then immediately suck it out. Such pressure is many times worse than the sudden pressure changes that people feel in their ears when a plane changes altitude. The force can rupture intestines, collapse lungs and knock the brain around inside the skull, he says. "You can have disruption of brain function without any physical finding," Morocco says," You can have internal injuries even without any obvious bleeding. "
    Boston hospitals reported that many patients had injuries to their lower legs. That’s consistent with a bomb placed at ground level, such as in a backpack, Morocco says. "Bits of leg can be blown away from the pressure wave, which is like a big wind," Morocco says. "It knocks you down." In addition to creating a massive shock wave, an explosion can also cause shrapnel or other bits of metal to slice through flesh like a knife, Morocco says.
    While no city is ever completely prepared for the kind of horror that beset Boston Monday, the city’ s emergency management system is about as good as it gets, says Richard Zane, chair of emergency medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. "Boston has the most robust mass casualty plan of any city in the United States," says Zane. who previously worked in Boston’ s Brigham and Women’s Hospital for 14 years. "I’m certain this response was so well orchestrated because they have planned for this before, they have drilled for this before. "
    Boston is home to some of the best regarded hospitals in the world. Beyond the skill of its surgeons and staff, however, the city also has an integrated emergency response system-including police, fire and others—to coordinate and direct care in an emergency. That ensures that patients are portioned out to hospitals evenly, so that individual facilities aren’t overwhelmed. Coordinating care at the scene of a disaster can save lives, Morocco says, through making hard choices about which patients need to be taken first to a hospital, which can wait and which is too injured to even try.
    Even patients with extensive injuries are likely to survive if treated within "the golden hour," Morocco says. Patients who languish more than an hour without treatment often don’t make it.
What’s the possible meaning of the underlined words "portioned out"(line 4, paragraph 5)?
选项 A、dealt out
B、given out
C、sent out
D、taken out
答案A
解析 本题考查考生对短语意思以及根据上下文推测生词意思的能力。一般这种题目的解法，无非就是两种，一种是直接根据短语的意思找出选项中跟划线短语意思一致的，当然这需要考生知道所考查的短语的意思，如果不知道，那么就需要回到原文，根据上下文推测短语的意思，进而在选项中找出意思相近的那一个。这个短语出现在第五段关于城市集成应急响应系统的描述．文中提到包括警察、消防和其他部门在紧急情况下协作和指导护理，这确保病人可以被平均分配到不同的医院，使单个设施不会不堪重负。尤其是后一句——使单个设施不会不堪重负，不会因此崩渍，可见，是要把病人平均分配到不同医疗机构。由此判断该短语意思应该是“分配”。A含有分配的意思，是正确选项，BCD均含有往外发出的意思，但是都是随意的向外发散，并没有归类分配的意思。
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