首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Notation gave western music a means of written record, but at first only for a kind of music, chant, that was believed to have o
Notation gave western music a means of written record, but at first only for a kind of music, chant, that was believed to have o
admin
2010-12-21
103
问题
Notation gave western music a means of written record, but at first only for a kind of music, chant, that was believed to have originated half a millennium and more in the past—to be effectively, ageless. Early medieval chants sprang from the whole time of eternal sameness, rhythm. Then measure came. And with it came the first identifiable and precisely datable works.
Where chant was of a piece with other musical traditions in being self-sufficient melody, working within a modal system, belonging to no creator (but to God) and designed for worship, the new music of the twentieth century opened a distinctively western path. The measuring of time was the beginning not only of rhythmic notation— known, far beyond Europe, to the Indian theorist Sarngadeva in the first haft of the thirteenth century—but also of music involving coordination among singers carrying different melodies, of polyphony. This, too, was by no means confined to the wedge of land between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic: the gamelan music of Bali, a tradition independent of Europe, is comparable with early western polyphony in its superposition of different time streams, fast and slow, while the music of many sub- Saharan African peoples often piles up dissimilar rhythmic layers in ways foreign to Europe outside certain special repertories(fourteenth-century song and some music since 1950). But, from the twelfth century to the fifteenth, polyphony in the west gradually moved away from the repetitive structures that were retained on Bali or in central Africa as Europeans discovered how harmony could result in continuous flow.
The source, as of so much in western culture, was a misunderstanding of classical Greek knowledge, again acquired through Boethius. He had nothing to say about harmony in the sense of chords, but he conveyed a Geek satisfaction in the primacy of the octave and the fifth, which medieval musicians took as models of consonance (the euphonious combining notes). Just as essential were dissonant combinations, lacking euphony, for these would intensity the need of for consonance. A dissonance placed immediately before a final consonance would produce a firmly conclusive ending—a cadence, such as became an essential of western music. Extending back from the cadence, the forces of harmony, marshaled through relationships between each chord and the next, could amplify the last note. Thus time measured became time decisively having a goal, and music could emulate the progress in every human soul towards eternity.
Music mirrored, too, how time generally was being told. Guido’s staff notation came roughly when water clocks were reintroduced from Byzantium and Islam, enabling monks to know when a service was due from the level reached by water slowly filling a vessel. Thus reading, whether of a chant book or a water gauge, substituted for memory and intuition. Exact synchrony between music and time was lost a little when clockwork mechanisms appeared in the mid—thirteenth century, half a century later than the gear-driven music produced at Notre Dame in Paris. However, the perfection of hour-chiming with hour-chiming capabilities, in the astronomical clock made by Richard Wallingford for St. Albans Abbey (1327-1336), strikingly coincided with the perfection of rhythmic notation that spread from Paris and gave music its own machinery of time lengths.
Choose the most appropriate from the four choices to answer the question or complete the sentence.
The passage states that ______.
选项
A、music and civilization complement each other and contradict each other
B、rhythmic notation appeared because human beings could tell time in a new way
C、notation appeared when musical works were no longer anonymous and non- datable
D、the appearance of rhythmic notation manifests a new stage of human being’s quantitative method of thought
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/LXua777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
centralandwesternregions
Recordsofinspection
ThenovelTheAdven,turesofHuckleberryFinnwaswrittenby________.
LeavesofGrasswaswrittenby().
DeathofaSalesmanwaswrittenby().
TheRainbowwaswrittenby().
随机试题
[*]
根据头臀长(CRL)估算孕龄的简易公式是
当气管黏膜有奶油状或干酪样渗出物,渗出物中混有血液,可初步诊断为
体温调节中枢功能失常所致的发热见于
《危险化学品安全管理条例》所称危险化学品,是指具有毒害、腐蚀、爆炸、燃烧、助燃等性质,对()具有危害的剧毒化学品和其他化学品。
下列关于中国证监会对基金托管人的责令整改措施的说法,不正确的是()。
()是企业使消费者受益、打动消费者的便捷途径,是创立品牌的必由之路。
下列关于融资租赁合同的说法中,错误的有()。
现阶段,以劳动者的劳动联合和劳动者的资本联合为主的股份合作制属于()。
(23)在实验阶段进行,它所依据的模块功能描述和内部细节以及测试方案应在(24)阶段完成,目的是发现编程错误。(25)所依据的模块说明书和测试方案应在(26)阶段完成,它能发现设计错误。(27)应在模拟的环境中进行强度测试的基础上进行,测试计划应在软件需求
最新回复
(
0
)