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  3. I’ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we s

I’ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we s

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问题    I’ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes on and bad genes off.
   In the first half of 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes. Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook. However, each cell only "reads" the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment.
   Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions? It’s a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey. He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours.
   Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were rather surprising. Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes. Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less.
   Sleep restriction (six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes. Of these, 220 genes were down regulated (their power was reduced), while 160 were up regulated (their power was increased). Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes. One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin and is linked to diabetes and insomnia. The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease.
   So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little.
   The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes.
Which of the following can be inferred from the findings of the sleep research?
选项 A、When there is a sleep restriction, genes to do with cell repair and replacement function less.
B、In a sleep, several hundred genes change in the amount. The more changes, the worse results.
C、When genes are up regulated, they do good to health; when genes are down regulated, they do harm to health.
D、Eight hours of sleep a day can be beneficial to our health in that it looks after our genes.
答案D
解析 推断题。根据文章最后一段“The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes．”可知，8个小时的睡眠模式对人体是非常有益的，因为这样的睡眠时间能很好地照料我们的基因，D项是此段话的同义表达，故选D。A项属于原文的直接信息，不用推断。B项说法错误，改变越多，并不一定意味着结果越差，要看这种改变是导致基因活性降低还是上升。文章第五段中提到，在下调程度最高的基因中，有一种负责控制胰岛素合成的基因与糖尿病和失眠密切相关，而上调程度最高的基因则与心脏病有关联，可见基因下调和上调均可能对健康有害，故C项说法错误。
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