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  3. Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is— "the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called

Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is— "the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called

admin2022-07-26  5
问题     Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is— "the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called it. But to scientists, it’s also a more dull thing as well: a skill, a tool, a simple choice that is a lot less accidental or lucky. As psychologist Shane Lopez, a senior scientist at the Gallup organization argues in his new book, Making Hope Happen,  it’s also much more attainable than it seems.
    In both children and adults, there can be a hard-to-deny link between a robust sense of hope and either work productivity or academic achievement. In studies of this idea, hope is measured by a widely accepted psychological survey and productivity is measured by grades earned, sales made, widgets manufactured etc. When Lopez and his colleagues recently gathered up a large body of this research and subjected it all to a meta-analysis, they came up with what they believe are very solid numbers: "Our finding was that hope accounts for about 14% of work productivity and 12% of academic achievement."
    Hoping, Lopez stresses, is a lot different from wishing, though the two are often mixed. The super-bestseller The Secret is based on the vaguely defined and not-exactly peer-reviewed "law of attraction,"
    which in this case means that just having positive thoughts about wealth, love, success and more can draw all of those things to you. "This wonderful future will happen for you if you just sit back and wish hard enough," Lopez says.
    But wishing, he explains is only an element of hope—it is, in a sense, hope without a plan. And that often leads nowhere. Effective hoping, Lopez says, is a very deliberate, three-step process. First there is selecting a goal, whether short-term or long term. Then you have to consider the gap between where you are now and where you will be when you achieve the goal, and lay out a series of sequential, short-term goals that will allow you to close that gap. Finally, there is the execution, establishing a plan for when you will begin to implement those steps and where and how you will execute them.
    It’s far too much to say that effective hoping is the only—or even the biggest—part of what it takes to succeed. If 14% of business productivity can be attributed to hope, that means 86% is dependent on raw talent, capricious business cycles, the quality of the product you’re selling, and often pure luck. But even if hope is just one ingredient in all of that, it’s a catalyzing, energizing one—the gas in the tank, the fuel rod in the reactor, the Mentos in the Pepsi. Hope may be the thing with feathers—but it’s also the thing with power.
Which of the following is true of effective hoping?
选项 A、Effective hoping is hoping without a plan, leading to nowhere.
B、People should set long-term goals in effective hoping first.
C、Effective hoping involves goal-setting, planning and executing.
D、Effective hoping is so powerful that it can determine success.
答案C
解析 锁定关键词effective hoping，进而锁定第四、五段，但是对这个词进行详细论述的是在第四段。该段第三句话点出有效的希望分为三步，随后出现连接词first，then以及finally，可知答案为C项。从第四段第一句话可知，愿望(而不是有效的希望)是一种没有计划的希望，最终会无疾而终，故排除A项。在谈论有效希望的第一步时，原文说明可以选定长远目标也可以选定短期目标，可知B项说法不准确，故排除。最后一段第一句话破折号前后明确说明希望不是确保成功的最大因素，也不是唯一因素，因此排除D项。
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