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医学
Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Ma
Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Ma
admin
2018-03-26
9
问题
Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article.
病人有权利,医生也有权利
曾经有一个阶段,医疗保健的典型模式是神权模式。“医生好像就是上帝,”卡罗琳•施密德说,“医生似乎什么都知道。随着护理变得更加复杂,这种模式也变得更温和了。我们进入了一个被称为父系的时代,这个时候医生就像父亲一样,知道什么对病人最好。”
随着医疗护理变得更加技术化,上述模式变成了我们所说的工程模式。这种情况下,人们与医生打交道的方式与跟一位工程师签合同差不多。因为这位工程师比你知识丰富,你信任他,让他接管并且做正确的事。
施密德女士说,近年来,“人们意识到一个问题——尤其是对那些即将从医学院校毕业的年轻医生们——通过媒体对医疗知识的传播,病人的经验更加老到,也懂得更多。现在的理想模式已经变成了合作模式,医生和病人对医疗本质都有了进一步的了解。”
在这种医疗处理的新方法中,病人和医生作为团队进行合作。对病人的好处在于他们获得了很多权利,这是前所未有的。然而,就像言论自由也有限制一样——我们不允许在拥挤的剧院里乱喊“着火啦!”——病人的权利也是有限制的。
在这种合作模式中,施密德女士说,“你是在团队中做事。不管什么时候你与人共事,你们都是两个人,而且双方都有权利。病人知道他们想让自己接受什么治疗,这些是非常实在的权利。但医生知道自己有能力或者愿意做什么,这些要与他自己的个人道德和对健全的医疗行业的知识相一致。与上述两者中的任何一个背道而驰都像对他实施了暴力。”
在明尼苏达州,已经有法律认可的生前遗嘱表,你可以从医生、医疗保健提供者或者律师那儿得到它。这张表格会问你一些问题,来帮你理清临终医疗阶段你想要什么和不想要什么。
你不必将表格中的所有项都填满。比如,如果愿意的话,你可以什么都不填,只写上你代理人的名字,这个代表你说话的人不能将你的治疗决定公之于众。
很多人把生前遗嘱等同于“拔管子”。但是据莱蒙斯先生所说,“生前遗嘱并不意味着‘拔管子’。它还意味着把管子接到墙上的医疗仪器上,即做任何可能的事,因为它是你的意愿”。
生前遗嘱不用太复杂。事实上,它可以是一个简单的声明,如“如果两位医生都认为我是脑死亡,我就不想继续活下去了”。把一个人的愿望用白纸黑字写下来,可以清楚表明这个人真正想要的东西。
你可能会觉得生前遗嘱跟自己一点关系都没有。事实上,法律也没有要求。它只是一个工具,帮你确保你可以得到你想要的治疗。如果你没有生前遗嘱,医生会询问你的至亲。任何情况下医生都会尽责地运用他们的知识和经验,在治疗的任何阶段帮你作出最好的决定。只有你自己才能决定是否使用这个工具。
选项
答案
Patients Have Rights, but Doctors Have Rights Too At one time, the typical model for medical care was the theocratic model. It was as if the physician was God and had all the answers. As care became more complicated, we entered what might be called the paternal period, where the physician was like a father and knew what was best for his patient. As medical care became more technical, the model changed to what we might call engineering model, where the physician was like the engineer who had more knowledge, you trust him to take over. The present ideal model has become a co-operative model where patient and physician work as a team. In which, you are two persons and all have rights. In Minnesota, there is a living will form which has been approved by law. The form asks questions to help you clarify what you want and don’t want in the terminal health care. Living will doesn’t have to be complicated and can be a simple statement and is not required by law. In any event doctors will be committed to using their knowledge and experience toward making the best decisions for you. It is only you that can decide whether or not to use this tool.
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