首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families
admin
2013-01-24
93
问题
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.
Every code of etiquette has contained three elements; basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance. In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission. Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of Social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot. Extremely refined behavior, how-ever, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in France. Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today. In Renaissance Italy too; in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name. Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of banning or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest.
Which of the following is NOT an element of the code of etiquette?
选项
A、Respect for age.
B、Formal compliments.
C、Proper introductions at social functions.
D、Eating with a fork rather than fingers.
答案
D
解析
是非题。文章的二、三,四段分别陈述了Formal compliments,Respect for age和Proper introductions at social functions三部分的内容,因此应选择没有提及的Eating with a fork rather than fingers.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/MraO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A"scientistic"viewoflanguagewasdominantamongphilosophersandlinguistswhoaffectedtodevelopascientificanalysisof
UsingaLibraryMakinggooduseofthecollegelibrarymightbeamaximalhelptostudents’study.Togetaccesstothelibrar
WilliamFaulknerwastheforemostAmerican______writerofthe20thcentury.
Therelationshipbetween"flower"and"rose"is______.
ThefoundersoftheRepublicviewedtheirrevolutionprimarilyinpoliticalratherthaneconomicorsocialterms.Andtheytalke
Inthesummerof999,LeifEriksonvoyagedtoNorwayandspentthefollowingwinterwithKingOlafTryggvason.Substantiallythe
The18acenturywitnessedanewliteraryform-themodemEnglishnovel,whichcontrarytothemedievalromance,givesa______pre
"Youdon’thavetowaitforgovernmenttomove...thereallyfantasticthingaboutFairtradeisthatyoucangoshopping!"Sos
"Youdon’thavetowaitforgovernmenttomove...thereallyfantasticthingaboutFairtradeisthatyoucangoshopping!"Sos
TheDeclarationofIndependencewasadoptedbythecontinentalCongresson______.
随机试题
这个标志是何含义?
人生的自我价值
确诊早期滑膜结核的重要检查是
企业事业单位和其他生产经营者,为改善环境,依照有关规定转产、搬迁、关闭的,人民政府应当予以支持。()
如图所示,电阻不计的竖直光滑金属轨道PMNQ,其PMN部分是半径为r的1/4圆弧,NQ部分水平且足够长,匀强磁场的磁感应强度为B,方向垂直于PMNQ平面指向纸面内侧。某粗细均匀质量分布均匀的金属杆质量为m,电阻为R,长为r,从图示位置由静止释放,若当地的重
“个人的抱负不可能孤立地实现,只有把它同时代和人民的要求紧密结合起来,用自己的知识和本领为祖国为人民服务,才能使自身价值得到充分实现。”这句话的含义有()
已知是矩阵的一个特征向量.试确定参数a,b及特征向量ξ所对应的特征值;
根据上面的描述,完成下述的时序图。比较时序图和协作图,说明区别和联系。
TheGeneIndustryMajorcompaniesarealreadyinpursuitofcommercialapplicationsofthenewbiology.Theydreamofplacin
HowInterpretersWork?I.UnderstandingA.Aboutwordsandexpressions—【T1】______wordsmaybeleftout:【T1】______—Ifnotknow
最新回复
(
0
)