首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families
admin
2013-01-24
95
问题
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.
Every code of etiquette has contained three elements; basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance. In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission. Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of Social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot. Extremely refined behavior, how-ever, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in France. Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today. In Renaissance Italy too; in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name. Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of banning or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest.
Which of the following is NOT an element of the code of etiquette?
选项
A、Respect for age.
B、Formal compliments.
C、Proper introductions at social functions.
D、Eating with a fork rather than fingers.
答案
D
解析
是非题。文章的二、三,四段分别陈述了Formal compliments,Respect for age和Proper introductions at social functions三部分的内容,因此应选择没有提及的Eating with a fork rather than fingers.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/MraO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
HumanitiesDisciplinesInmanypeople’seyes,thehumanitiesdisciplinesseemtobedyingout.However,actually,studentsconti
Joyandsadnessareexperiencedbypeopleinallculturesaroundtheworld,buthowcanwetellwhenotherpeoplearehappyord
Theyaresuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelievedthatallnumbersandtheirmultiplehavesomemys
SurveyresultsindicatethatsmokingandalcoholandmarijuanauseincreasedamongresidentsofManhattanduringthe5-8weeksa
SurveyresultsindicatethatsmokingandalcoholandmarijuanauseincreasedamongresidentsofManhattanduringthe5-8weeksa
SurveyresultsindicatethatsmokingandalcoholandmarijuanauseincreasedamongresidentsofManhattanduringthe5-8weeksa
A、real-timeweatherforecastingB、real-timetrackingofthespaceshuttleC、3DmapsoftheMarsD、3DmapsoftheEarthD
TheislandofGreatBritainitselfisdividedintothefollowingpartsEXCEPT
Withregardtoitssize,Australiais______countryintheworld.
"Youdon’thavetowaitforgovernmenttomove...thereallyfantasticthingaboutFairtradeisthatyoucangoshopping!"Sos
随机试题
根据《宪法》和法律规定,人民法院行使市判权应当遵循下列原则:________、________、________、________、各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。
管理者的行为是否符合道德,一般受管理者所处的道德阶段、管理者的个人特征、__________、__________以及道德问题的强度五种因素的影响。
压疮易发生部位包括()。
鉴别中枢性与周围性瘫痪最有意义的体征是
面积相等的两个图形分别如图a)和图b)所示。它们对对称轴y、z轴的惯性矩之间关系为:
建筑物内常用的电气设备和装置包括变、配电装置以及安装在装置中的低压配电和控制电器。下列属于变、配电装置防火措施的检查的是()。
在会计电算化下,现金日记账和银行日记账应当()打印输出。
某粮食白酒生产企业为增值税小规模纳税人,2013年3月销售粮食白酒取得不舍税销售额60万元,已由税务机关代开增值税专用发票;收取包装物押金5.85万元,本月逾期未退还包装物押金1.17万元。20l3年3月该企业应纳增值税为()万元。
实施低成本战略的生产企业应采取的人力资源政策和措施是()。
“既见树木又见森林”是指观察的()。
最新回复
(
0
)