2. 外语
  3. Since 1981, farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt "green" farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and b

Since 1981, farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt "green" farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and b

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问题     Since 1981, farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt "green" farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird life. Farmers who have voluntarily adopted these measures are compensated by the European Union. The goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modern farming, such as declines in species diversity and the disturbance of local nesting grounds.
    The "green" methods of farming cost the European Union about 1.7 billion Euros annually. This is about 4 percent of the budget for "Common Agricultural Policy," and the compensation is expected to rise to 10 percent within the next few years.
    Various forms of "green farming" employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goals.
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答案 1981年以来，荷兰农民被鼓励采用被认为有利于植物和鸟类的“绿色”耕种技术。自愿采用这种技术的农民由欧盟给予补偿。该项目的目的是消除现代农业所带来的负面影响，如物种多样性的下降、对当地筑巢所在地的侵扰等。 欧盟每年用于“绿色”耕种技术(方法)的费用达17亿欧元，大约占“共同农业政策”预算的4%，而且，该项补偿费在未来的几年内将上涨到10%。 世界各地采用的各种形式的“绿色耕种”已证明是成功的。所有被认为对环境有影响的新方法都应该接受科学评估，以确定它们是否真正达到了预期目标。
解析     第一句：Since 1981, farmers in Holland have been encouraged to adopt "green" farming techniques that were thought to benefit plant and bird life.
    译文：自1981年以来，荷兰农民受鼓励一直采用那些认为是有利于植物和鸟类的“绿色”耕种技术。
    注：①本句句子结构较复杂，考生应该在认真分析句子结构的基础上进行翻译。主语是 farmers，谓语部分使用的被动形式而且时态为现在完成时have been encouraged。后面的不定式to引导的都是主语补足语。其中that引导的是一个定语从句修饰先行词techniques。
    ②在翻译本句时，切不可采用一字一句翻译。而是要根据中文的行文规范调整语序。而且要注意到中文和英文各自的语言特点。英文中多使用被动语态，而中文中多使用主动形式。所以本句中两处被动形式应该适当改变。
    第二句：The goal of the program is to work against the negative effects of modern farming,……
    译文：该项目的目的是消除现代农业所带来的负面影响，……
    注：①本句中不定式短语做表语。
    ②介词against在这儿不要直译为“反对”，而是根据句子意思译为“消除”。
    第三句:Various forms of "green farming" employed around the world have proved successful, and all new methods thought to be environmentally sensitive should be subject to sound scientific evaluation to determine whether they are actually meeting the intended goals.
    译文：世界各地采用的各种形式的“绿色耕种”已证明是成功的。所有被认为对环境有影响的新方法都应该接受科学评估，以确定它们是否真正达到了预期目标。
    注：①and连接的两个并列句。前一个句子中注意有一个过去分词短语employed around the world做后置定语。后一个句子同样也有一个过去分词短语thought to be environmentally sensitive做后置定语。注意翻译时，应把这两个后置定语翻译到主语的前面。
    ②be subject to本意为“受支配，从属于，可以……的，常遭受……”，在这儿应该转译为“接受”。
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