首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Introduction Linguistics has both practical and philosophical motivations. So both the first and second editions of this tex
Introduction Linguistics has both practical and philosophical motivations. So both the first and second editions of this tex
admin
2010-04-28
43
问题
Introduction
Linguistics has both practical and philosophical motivations. So both
the first and second editions of this text were directed toward students of 【1】______
many【1】______. This third edition continues and further develops this approach.
We have aimed to dispel a number of myths about language and to
discuss the various aspects of language from both an【2】______ and current 【2】______
point of view. Part one is "The Nature of Human Language. "Then we
discuss speech sounds or【3】______ and includes a passage on machines 【3】______
that "talk’and "understand".
On phonology we demonstrate how sounds form【4】______. Because 【4】______
of this, written forms of language are very late in the history of human language.
Then we discuss other【5】______ aspects of language how words 【5】______
are formed; what words, phrases, and sentences mean; and how words are
put together to form sentences. Morphology, semantics, syntax are very im-
sortant in our discussion and take an important role.
In "Social Aspects of Language, "we consider language in【6】______ 【6】______
md how languages change over time. In "The【7】______. Aspects of Lan- 【7】______
guage, "we talk about child language, animal communication systems and 【8】______
9rain【8】______ underlying language knowledge and use.
Also, the【9】______ languages of the deaf are discussed in greater 【9】______
detail. The newest findings on whether chimpanzees and gorillas can learn
language are presented. In every lesson the【10】______ underlying the 【10】______
diersity of phenomena observed in human language are highlighted.
【2】
Introduction
Since antiquity interest in linguistis--the study and science of human language--has had both practical and philosophical motivations. From a practical side, linguistics can provide a theoretical basis for variety of practical applications. To name a few, these applications include the treatment of language disorders such as aphasia or reading problems the planning of "language arts" curricula in the schools, the fight against illiterarcy in many nations of tile world, the development of automatic, computer-generated speech productional recognition, the learning of foreign languages, and the simplification of legal language. Philosophical interests have also spurred language study, because from earliest times language has been considered a mirror of the mind.
For these reasons both the first and second editions of this text were directed toward students of many disciplines. This hank’is used in courses for nonlinguisties as well as linguistics students, for major in computer science and English, in speech pathology and anthropology, in communications studies and philosophy. This third edition continues and further develops this approach. It does, however, reflect new thinking is the field as well as a reorganization of material.
We have aimed to dispel a number of myths about language and to discuss the various aspects of language from both an historical and current point of view. Part One, lesson one, "Tile Nature of Human language," is concerned with questions such as: What is language? What is a grammar? What is the origin of language?
What it is you know when you know English, Zulu, Twi, Cherokee, Eskimu, Spanish, Russian, and any other’language is examined in Lesson Two, "Grammatical Aspects of language," Lesson 2 discusses speech sounds or phonetics and it includes an expanded section on machines that "talk" and "understand." Lesson g on phonology demonstrates how sounds form pattens. Lesson 5 shows that written forms of language arose very late in the history of human language. Lesson 4,6, and 7 discuss other grammatical aspects of language---how words are formed (morphology);what words, phrases, and sentences mean (semantics); and how words are put together to form sentences syntax. These lessons have been substantially revised since the second edition. Although a formal descrptive apparatus is still included, it receives less emphasis; distinction between phonetic and phonemic segments and phonological and morphophonemic rules are clarified ;and the section on pragmatics is enlarged.
Lessons 8 and 9 of Part Three, "Social Aspects of Language," considering language in society and how languages change over time. Some of tile questions raised in this part are: Wily are there ninny languages and how are they related? How and why do languages change? Are some languages or dialects superior to others? Is there any hope for a universal language? Can language be "obscene" or "sexist"?
Part Four, "The Biological Aspects of Language," includes Lesson 10 on child language, Lesson 11 on animal communication systems, and lesson 12 on brain mechanisms underlying language knowledge and use. These lessons have been expanded considerably. The sign language of the deaf, especially AMESLAN (American Sign Language), are discussed in greater detail. The newest findings on whether Chimpanzees and gorillas can learn language are presented, as are the latest techniques for brain and language studies. In every lesson the universals underlying the diversity of phenomena observed in human language are highlighted.
As in the previous editions basic ideas rather than a de- tailed exposition of the grammar of English or any other language have been primarily concerned with. The text assumes no previous knowledge on the part of the students and aims at stimulating the students to further investigate language, this incredibly complex, unique human ability. Toward this goal a short list of references is given at the end of each les- son. Also included are exercises ranging in difficulty and type to enhance the students’ interest in and comprehension of the textual material.
We have had enormous help from friends, colleagues, students, teaching assistants, instructors who assigned the text to their classes, and reviewers. We wish to convey our profound gratitude to all of the individuals who provided feedback, criticisms, corrections, and suggestions. We continue to be especially grateful to the thousands of students who have listened to our lectures, questioned our concepts, completed our assignments, and in these and other ways helped us to rewrite this book.
选项
答案
historical
解析
“dispel”为“to rid of by or as if by scattering”historical and“historic”are differentiated in usage, though their senses overlap.“Historic”refers to what is important in history.“Historical”refers to whatever existed in the past,whether regarded as important or not a historical character(历史人物)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/MuqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetUniversity—avoluntarycommunitytoscholars/tea
Asapopularsayinggoes:"【C1】______"Goodhealthenablesoneto【C2】______andachievewhathe【C3】______.Withgoodhealthweca
PresidentBushonWednesdayissuedhissecondvetoofameasureliftinghisrestrictionsonhumanembryonicstemcellexperiment
A、Sincetherearemorejobsavailable,morestudentschoosecomputerscienceastheirmajor.B、Therearenotenoughgradsqualif
Worktodayisaboutfarmorethaneconomics.MoreeventhanwhenTheodoreRooseveltextolleditsvirtues,peopletheworldover
Recently,AlexStenner,asophomoreattheUniversityofWisconsin-GreenBay,savedhundredsofdollarsontuitionandhoursspe
Evenaspharmaceuticalcompaniespouredarecordamountofmoneyintodrugdevelopmentin2005,theindustry’sresearchdrought
ForalmostsixyearsLyleCraker,aresearcherwhostudiesmedicinalplantsattheUniversityofMassachusetts,hasbeentrying
A、TodischargeahybridforcemadeupofAUandUN.B、TostationitstroopsintherestivewesternSudaneseregionofDarfur.C、
A、thespectatorsandofficialsB、thecarsC、thesportsstarsD、AlloftheaboveAA观众及官员们。因本次事故中—位自愿参加的官员遇难,因此争论的焦点在此。选A;B.汽车;C.体
随机试题
机械矫正法只适用于低碳素钢结构。
可导致婴幼儿表现为楔状齿、鞍鼻的是
在团队成员的工作处于比较被动的情况下,()的领导方式则可能比较有效。
某施工单位承包一机电工程施工项目,工程内容包括工艺热力管道安装和一座钢结构框架安装。合同规定,钢材等主材由建设单位供货。施工单位安排由该单位的甲、乙2个施工队分别承担施工任务。在工程中,甲队领走了全部材料,在管架预制完成后还剩余了大量材料。乙队进
利润中心考核的指标主要是利润,但有时也需用一些非货币的衡量方法作为补充,这些方法包括()。
【2015年辽宁鞍山.单选】根据适当过度学习原则,如果一个学生学10次刚好记住一个材料,那么他的实际学习次数应该是()。
A、 B、 C、 D、 A每行前两个图形叠加得到第三个图形,叠加规律为白+白=黑,白+空白=白,黑+空白=黑,选择A。
首因效应是指个体在社会认知过程中,通过第一印象最先输入的信息对客体以后的认知产生显著的影响作用。第一印象作用最强,持续的时间也长,比以后得到的信息对于事物整个印象产生的作用更强。根据上述定义,下列首因效应没有发挥作用的是:
根据下列资料回答2011—2014年,货物进出口总额增长率最高的年份是:
Forcenturies,boysweretopoftheclass.Butthesedays,that’snolongerthe【C1】______.AnewstudybytheOECD,examined
最新回复
(
0
)