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Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may take
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may take
admin
2019-09-14
39
问题
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passage only once. Now, let’s begin.
下面你将听到的是一段有关塑料袋产生的环保问题的讲话。
Plastic bags are very popular with both retailers and consumers because they are cheap, strong, lightweight, as well as a hygienic means of carrying food and goods. But even though they are one of the modern conveniences that we seem to be unable to do without, they are responsible for causing pollution, killing wildlife, and using up the precious resources of the earth.
Billions of single-use plastic bags are given out for free each day all over the world. But, as the old saying goes, nothing comes for free. Here are some facts to illustrate the high costs paid by our environment and society for the unlimited and free use of plastic bags. To see the real costs, we must look at the multiple impacts and the effects of each phase of a plastic bag’s life.
For phase one, we look at the production cost. The production of plastic bags requires oil and often natural gas, both are nonrenewable resources. Oil is vital for our modern way of life. Without viable alternative sources of energy yet on the horizon, if the supply of oil were to be turned off, it would lead to, practically, the entire world grinding to a halt. And to make plastic, about 100 million barrels of oil are needed every year around the world. Additionally, prospecting and drilling for these resources contribute to the destruction of fragile ecosystems around the world.
In the second phase, there are consumption costs. When retailers give away free bags, their costs are passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices. In the U. S. alone, for example, annual cost on plastic bags to retailers is estimated at US$4 billion. When one considers the economies and populations of the whole world, including China and India, for example, the number can be staggering.
Finally, the problem is disposal and litter costs. Once plastic bags become litter, they find their way into our waterways, parks, beaches, and streets. Hundreds of thousands of sea-turtles, whales and other marine mammals die every year from eating discarded plastic bags mistaken for food. On land, many cows, goats and other animals suffer a similar fate. And, if plastic bags are burned, they fill the air with toxic fumes. So, they create a major environmental problem. Such "white pollution" will affect not only our generation, but many future generations to come.
So, what can be done? Well, if we have the will, we can start reducing their use in small ways. Try to use alternatives to plastic whenever and wherever possible. A paper or cloth bag can make a good substitute for holding the shopping. While governments should be working out ways to lessen the impact of plastic bags on the environment, each of us should also shoulder some of the responsibility for this problem.
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答案
塑料袋很受零售商和消费者的欢迎,因为用塑料袋装食品和其他商品既便宜,又结实、轻便,而且还卫生。我们好像已经离不开这种现代方便用品了。然而,正是这些塑料袋污染着我们的环境,危及野生动物的生命,并使珍贵的地球资源趋于枯竭。 全球每天免费使用的一次性塑料袋多达数十亿个。但正如一句老话所说,天下没有免费的东西。无节制地免费使用塑料袋,使我们的环境和社会付出了高昂的代价。下面的事实就说明了这一点。为了解所付出的真正代价,我们必须看一下一个塑料袋从生产到被丢弃的全过程中每一个阶段所产生的多种影响和后果。 第一个阶段是生产代价。生产塑料袋需要石油,经常还需要天然气,而这两种资源都是不可再生的。石油对我们现代人的生活方式至关重要。在目前还没有可替代能源的情况下,如果石油供应被切断,整个世界都会陷入停滞。而生产塑料全世界每年需要消耗大约一亿桶石油。此外,勘探和开采石油资源对全球脆弱的生态系统都造成了破坏。 第二个阶段是消费代价。当零售商给顾客提供免费塑料袋时,他们会以提价的方式将其成本转嫁到消费者身上。仅以美国为例,每年零售商为提供免费塑料袋就差不多要花费40亿美元。考虑到世界上其他经济体和全球人口,包括中国和印度,这个数字会更加惊人。 最后是处理丢弃塑料袋的代价。塑料袋垃圾散落在我们的河道,公园,海滩和街道上。每年,成千上万的海龟、鲸和其他海洋哺乳动物因误食人类丢弃的塑料袋而丧命。在陆地上,很多牛羊和其他牲畜也遭受同样的厄运。如果将塑料袋焚烧,会产生有毒气体,污染空气。所以,塑料袋会产生严重的环境问题。这种“白色污染”危害的不仅仅是我们这一代人,而且是我们的子孙后代。 那么,怎么办呢?其实,只要我们有决心,我们可以从点滴做起,减少使用塑料袋。任何时候、任何情况下,尽可能使用塑料袋的替代品。纸袋或布袋都可用来装购买的商品。各国政府应该采取办法减少塑料袋对环境的影响,但我们每一个人也应该为解决这个问题承担我们自己的责任。
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