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  3. (1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job "you have to be

(1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job "you have to be

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问题    (1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job "you have to be like a wolf in the forest—able to smell out the best meat. " And if you can’t find work, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.
   (2) That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.
   (3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.
   (4) The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.
   (5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This " smooths" the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.
Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?
选项 A、People who have legal status.
B、People who run businesses.
C、People who receive state benefits.
D、People who are willing to earn less.
答案B
解析 推断题。根据题干定位至第一段到第四段。第二段第一句提到根据加利福尼亚大学的一项新研究，这就是美国比许多其他富国更吸引移民的一个原因。紧接着第三段第二句指出他们的研究结果是，如果将外籍劳工完全拒之门外，他们评估的20个富国中有19个国家的本土出生居民的状况会更糟。第四段第二句则具体指出在美国，人口中的移民比例每上升1％，就会令本土出生居民的生活水平提高0．05％。第五段中又指出移民给劳动力市场“扫清了障碍”，为本士居民创造了更多工作机会，并使企业提高利润，促进企业发展。由此可知，会赞同他们研究结果的人是美国本土出生的居民及企业，故B为答案。加利福尼亚大学研究人员的研究结果说明的是移民有利于本土居民生活水平的提高及企业的发展，A、C和D项均不在此列，故均排除。
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