2. 专升本
  3. Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sens

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sens

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问题     Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage , underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
    To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic(内在的)superiority of one culture over another; just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy(等级制)among languages.
    People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, underdeveloped forms of speech in general began as a series of grunts and groans , it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate , and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery of vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness "this" and "that" ; some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
    This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.
The author says that professional linguists recognize that______.
选项 A、western languages are superior to eastern languages
B、all languages come from grunts and groans
C、the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand
D、there is no hierarchy of languages
答案D
解析 从第二段的后半句：“…just as to theprofessional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchyamong languages”可知，专业语言学家认为语言之间无等级之分。故选D。
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