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  3. The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a

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问题 The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)

A. Then, in the 1970s, science began to show that the nurture—only view was indeed too simplistic-which triggered a backlash from the left. When researchers like Richard Herrnstein and E.O. Wilson demonstrated that genes do play a significant role in human intelligence and behavior, for example, they were vilified by many of their colleagues. And just a few years ago, a conference designed to explore the genetic roots of violence had to be canceled in the face of widespread condemnation.
B. But if you think this compromise has stopped the arguments, think again. Scientists and philosophers are still getting steamed up over the issue, but now they’re fighting over percentages, over how much of human character is shaped by genes and how much by environment. And according to Steven Pinker, a professor of psychology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, we continue to give far too much credit to the latter. In a new book, The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature (Viking), Pinker argues that ignorance, prejudice and political correctness have kept scientists and the public from appreciating the power of our genes.
C. The backlash was understandable, says Pinker. Once you suggest that human nature is in any way hardwired, it’s easier for the unscrupulous to write off entire groups as genetically inferior-as the Nazis did with Jews, Poles and Gypsies. If have-nots are genetically lacking in drive or intelligence or ambition, what’s the point of fighting poverty?
D. That echoed 20th century liberal social theory: violence, crime and poverty were not the fault of the violent, the lawless and the poor but of society. Improve living conditions and you will curd the problems. These notions, of course,, flew in the face of everything conservatives held dear—the idea that the lower classes were inherently stupid and lazy, for example, and that rehabilitating lawbreakers was an exercise in futility which may have been part of their appeal.
E. Anyone who has read Pinker’s earlier books will rightly guess that his latest effort is similarly sweeping, erudite, sharply argued, richly footnoted and fun to read. It’s also highly persuasive. The view that environment is paramount began, he says, with the philosophers of the Enlightenment: John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Rene Descartes and John Stuart Mill. And it was reinforced in the 1950s by Harvard psychologist B.F. Skinner, who said that all human behavior was simply a set of conditioned responses.
F. In one important sense the argument over nature and nurture has been resolved. For centuries, the nature camp said that personalities are born, not made, that our character is pretty much formed by the time we pop out of the womb. The nurture people countered with the metaphor of the tabula rasa: our mind starts out as a blank slate, and it’s how we are reared that determines what gets written on it. Modern science, though—especially our fast-growing understanding of the human genome—makes it clear that both sides are partly right. Nature endows us with inborn abilities and personality traits; nurture takes these raw materials and molds them as we learn and mature.
G. Plenty, says Pinker. Compassion and altruism (which he thinks also are at least partly hardwired) are good reasons to make life better for those who start out at a disadvantage. And while Pinker also admits, albeit in a less strident voice, that environment plays a significant part in how we turn out, he insists it’s just not the whole story and our genes, which haven’t got enough respect, do play significant roles.

选项
答案A
解析 本段可以通过时间来判断，在E段中提到了环境论20世纪50年代又得到哈佛心理学家B.P. Skinner的支持，Skinner认为所有人类行为都只不过是一系列的条件反应。而此段的首句说：后来、在20世纪70年代，科学家开始证明后天培养论(nurture-only view)太简单化了，而这引起了左派人士的激烈反对。可见正是承接E段内容，而E段后有D段，所以A只能排在D段后，因此应作为本题答案。
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