中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样,让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜,例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席上,全鱼被认为是必不可少的,除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今,中国人喜欢把西方特色莱与传统中式菜肴融于一席,因此牛排上桌也不少

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问题    中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样,让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜,例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席上,全鱼被认为是必不可少的,除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今,中国人喜欢把西方特色莱与传统中式菜肴融于一席,因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来,尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道汤,可以最先或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。

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答案 The traditional Chinese hospitality requires that the foods served are so diverse that guests cannot eat up all the dishes. A typical Chinese banquet menu includes cold dishes served at the beginning, followed by hot dishes, such as meat, poultry, vegetables and so on. At most banquets, the whole fish is considered to be essential, unless various kinds of seafood have been served. Nowadays, Chinese people would like to combine the Western specialties with the traditional Chinese dishes. Therefore, it is not rare to see steak being served. Salad is catching on, although traditionally Chinese people generally do not eat any foods without cooking. There is usually at least a bowl of soup, served either at the beginning or in the end of the banquet. Desserts and fruits usually mark the end of the banquet.

解析 1.翻译第一句时,可将“中国传统的待客之道”作为句子的主语,将“饭菜丰富多样”作为宾语,将“让客人吃不完”作为结果状语。另外一种译法是将“丰富多样的饭菜”译作主语,采用被动语态,“让客人吃不完”仍作为结果状语,即“In China,such a wide variety of foods and dishes are needed in traditional ways of entertaining guests that it makes the guests impossible to finish the dinner.”。
2.翻译第二句时,“肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜”是“热菜”的举例说明,可放在句子主干后,用such as引出。“其后的热菜”,可采用被动语态followed by hot dishes。另外一种译法是用独立主格结构作伴随状语,即with the hot dishes followed。
3.翻译第三句时,可直接根据原文“全鱼被认为是……”采用被动语态;“除非……”预示着本句中包含一个条件状语从句。“必不可少的”可译为essential或indispensable。
4.翻译第四句时,应注意本句中包含一个因果关系句;“把……与……融于一席”可用combine…with…;“牛排上桌也不少见”可用it作形式主语,而将“不少见”译为不定式作真正的主语。
5.翻译第五句时,应注意本句中包含一个让步状语从句。翻译时可将状语从句后置,主句前置。
6.翻译第六句时,“可以最先或最后上桌”是对无主句翻译的考查,翻译时可将其译为独立主格结构,由于“汤”与“上桌”是被动关系,因此可用过去分词短语作后置定语。
7.最后一句的翻译相对简单,只要将“标志……的结束”正确译出即可。
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