首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ernest Hemingway underwent 20 gruelling rounds of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to cure him of his depression. Having lost man
Ernest Hemingway underwent 20 gruelling rounds of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to cure him of his depression. Having lost man
admin
2009-08-13
28
问题
Ernest Hemingway underwent 20 gruelling rounds of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to cure him of his depression. Having lost many of his memories as a result, he said, "It was a brilliant cure but we lost the patient," and took a shotgun to his head not long afterwards. Ever since ECT was pioneered by Ugo Cerletti, an Italian neurosurgeon, in the late 1930s, it has had a bad press. In books (The bell Jar, Zen and the Art of MIotorcycle Maintenance), in song (Electric Co by U2) and in film (One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and Tar-nation), it has been portrayed as a sinister procedure that leaves the patient a dribbling dullard. But in spite of this, ECT remains one of the fastest-acting and most effective antidepressant treatments known.
Why it should be so effective, though, is an enigma. On the face of it, running a current of almost an amp through someone’s brain seems a silly thing to do. But a study by Johan Hellsten of Lurid University in Sweden has cast some light on the question. Dr. Hellsten has shown that ECT leads to the generation of new blood vessels in part of the brain implicated in depression.
Previous brain-imaging studies have shown that patients with long-term depression have a smaller hippocampus (part of the brain that deals with emotion and memory) than average. Bur, while it is possible to use scanners to look at brain volume in people, it is impossible to examine what is going on at a cellular level. For this reason, Dr. Hellsten used rats.
There were two groups of rats in his experiment. The test group received ECT once a clay for ten days while the control group received a sham treatment. On the eleventh day, the rats were killed and examined. Dr. Hellsten found a 20-fold increase in the number of endothelial cells (the cells that line blood vessels) in the hippocampuses of the test rats, compared with the control rats. He also found a 16% increase in the total length of the blood vessels in their hippocampuses. If the blood vessels of any organ--including the hippocampus--are reduced, that organ begins to atrophy. ECT appears to reverse this atrophy. This study is the first to show an increase in blood-vessel production in connection with an anti-depressive treatment.
Why ECT has this effect is still a subject of speculation, but Dr. Hellsten suspects that what is happening is a consequence of the brain trying to protect itself. ECT works by creating an artificial epileptic seizure. Natural seizures, which often last much longer than the 30 seconds or so employed for ECT, result in the production of chemicals called growth factors that stimulate cell division and growth. This response helps to compensate for the damage that a seizure can do. Though modern ECT does not last long enough to cause damage, it nevertheless provokes the damage-limitation response.
ECT, invented in a more brutal age, was originally seen as a way to control unruly patients, often against their will. Ironically, it now serves to give will back to those who have lost it.
选项
A、intermittent.
B、incessant.
C、toilsome.
D、numerous.
答案
C
解析
本题是语义理解题。首句指出;海明威接受了20次电休克疗法来治疗抑郁症。第二句引用海明威的话对该疗法进行了评价:It was a brilliant cure but we lost the patient,结果他开枪自杀了。因此可以推断该治疗过程是很痛苦的、折磨人的,[C]“累人的”符合文意,故为答案。[A]“断续的”[B]“不停的”;[D]“无数的”,均不合文意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/OovO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Thespeakermainlydiscusses______.
A、TheremittanceranksalongwithoilandtourismasMexico’sbiggestforeigncurrencyearner.B、Theaverageremittancesenthom
Whatdidthespeakerexpectoflifeinacountrytown?
MississippiisatypicalAmericansouthernstate.
MillionsofbooksandanInternet-basedcampusnetworkareavailablefortheUniversitystaffandstudents.
TheGermancourtisfacingalegaldilemmabecausethelawhasn’tstipulatedthepunishmentof________.
TheGermancourtisfacingalegaldilemmabecausethelawhasn’tstipulatedthepunishmentof________.
Accordingtopsychologists,acompulsivespenderwantstospendalotofmoneybecause:
我想吐露肥胖儿童的心声。我认为,减肥不仅仅是把切好的蔬菜放在冰箱里,等到饿的时候拿出来吃那么简单。
ThemanMr.Cheneyaccidentallyshotandinjuredis
随机试题
某商场系增值税一般纳税人。适用增值税税率为17%。2010年春节期间为进行促销,该商场规定购物每满200元积10分,不足200元部分不积分,积分可在一年内兑换成与积分等值的商品。某顾客购买了售价为5850元(含增值税850元)、成本为4000元的服装,预计
按我国消费税制度规定,下列商品中,属于消费税课税对象的是
李方为平昌公司董事长。债务人姜呈向平昌公司偿还40万元时,李方要其将该款打到自己指定的个人账户。随即李方又将该款借给刘黎,借期一年,年息12%。下列哪些表述是正确的?
如题30图所示,三台同型号水泵在工作环境相同的情况下并联运行,并联时泵的效率点为()。
背景资料:某施工单位承建了一段二级公路路基工程,其中K3+220~K3+650为高填方路堤。路基填方高度最高为21.2m,地面以下有约6m的软土层。施工单位采用强夯处理地基,采用水平分层填筑路堤。高填方路堤横断面示意图如图1所示。
()是从消防安全管理的空间范围上看,消防安全管理活动具有全方位的特征。在日常生产和生活中,可燃物、助燃物和着火源可以说是无处不在,凡是有需要用火或是容易形成燃烧条件的场所,都是容易造成火灾的场所,也就是消防安全管理活动应该涉及的场所。
小红证明命题和定理时,需要将数字符号和概念组合起来运用。这是()
下列各句所涉及的年龄,由小到大排列正确的一项是()①余自束发读书轩中②豆蔻梢头二月初③既加冠,益慕圣贤之道④年近知命,位止方州⑤行行向不惑,淹留遂无成
InalabinOxfordUniversity’sexperimentalpsychologydepartment,researcherRoiCohenKadoshistestingarelativelynewbrai
在考生文件夹下有student(学生)、course(课程)和score(选课成绩)3个表,利用SQL语句完成如下操作:(1)查询每门课程的最高分,要求得到的信息包括"课程名称"和"分数",将查询结果存储到max表中(字段名是"课程名称"和"分数"),并
最新回复
(
0
)