Which of the following fostered the great expansion of formal schooling?

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问题 Which of the following fostered the great expansion of formal schooling?
  
As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. [11] The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age 14 or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vocation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants.
    [12] Reformers early in the 20th century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home. Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In pre-industrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, [13]in the highly industrialized early-tweritietrreentury United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers, cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others.

选项 A、Different groups needed different kinds of education.
B、Special programs should be set up to modernize students.
C、Women should stay at home.
D、More women should be involved in education and industry.

答案A

解析 推断题。文中提到,20世纪初,改革家建议教育应该与特殊人群的需求相符(educationprograms should suit the needs of specific populations).由此可知当时的教育改革家认为不同的群体需要不同的教育方式,故答案为[A]。
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