首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
admin
2009-01-14
64
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible(容易受影响的) to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity (遗传;继承). When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the " ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen (腹部), goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion (堡垒) of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism-is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver (海狸), and preeminently(卓越地) by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors.
Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?
选项
A、They are natural endowments to living creatures.
B、They are more important than instincts to all animals.
C、They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.
D、They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.
答案
C
解析
细节题。(Lines 4-6,Para.2)Habits,instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all)were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment.习惯,并不是与生俱来的(当它们被称作本能,而不是习惯时),其形成更多地受到环境的影响。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/PHsa777K
本试题收录于:
MBA联考(英语)题库专业硕士分类
0
MBA联考(英语)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
外汇保证金(ForeignxchangeMargin)
Whatdoyouknowaboutforeignexchangerisksandhowtomanagethem?(上海财经大学)
Nameshavegainedincreasingimportanceinthecompetitiveworldofhighereducation.Ascollegesstriveformarketshare,they
Tensofthousandsof18-year-oldswillgraduatethisyearandbehandedmeaninglessdiplomas.Thesediplomaswon’tlookanydiff
Hiswifehasbeen______alotofpressureonhimtochangehisjob.
Eachyear,hundredsofthousandsofpeoplediefromheartattack,aleadingcauseofdeath.IntheLandmarkPhysicians’HealthS
Eachyear,hundredsofthousandsofpeoplediefromheartattack,aleadingcauseofdeath.IntheLandmarkPhysicians’HealthS
Eachyear,hundredsofthousandsofpeoplediefromheartattack,aleadingcauseofdeath.IntheLandmarkPhysicians’HealthS
Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"ice-box"hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffect
随机试题
试评王莽改制。(兰州大学2000年中国古代史真题;北京大学2001年中国古代史真题;华东师范大学2003年中国古代史真题;华东师范大学2006年中国古代史真题;河北大学2006年中国古代史真题)
A.常发生在进油腻食后B.过食、饮酒后发生C.腹痛在剧烈活动后发生D.持续性腹痛阵发加重E.转移性疼痛
体液的组成是( )
A.复凝聚法B.喷雾冻凝法C.单凝聚法D.液中干燥法E.多孔离心法在高分子溶液中加入凝聚剂而凝聚成囊的方法是()。
依法取得国有土地使用权的途径有()方式。
已知直线l:2x+y一2=0和直线l外两个点A(一1,1)、,直线l上存存一点C.使得C到A、B两点的距离和最小,则C的坐标为_______.
“三角形有3个角和3条相连接的边这样两个共同的本质属性,而与它们的大小、形状无关。”这属于()
(单选题)2017年12月18日至20日召开的中央经济工作会议指出,实施乡村振兴战略,要推进农业供给侧结构性改革,坚持(),农业政策从增产导向转向提质导向。
据新华社2022年1月15日报道,作为我国最大的天然气生产基地,()日产天然气攀上1.5亿立方米以上水平,占冬供高峰期全国每天使用天然气总量的七分之一,相当于可保障3亿个三口之家日常做饭用气需求。
AccountsofdebilitatingfearaftertraumadatebacktotheTrojanwars.Inthe19thcenturysurvivorsoftraincrashesweredia
最新回复
(
0
)