首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How Much Higher? How Much Faster? A)Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation b
How Much Higher? How Much Faster? A)Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation b
admin
2020-06-08
53
问题
How Much Higher? How Much Faster?
A)Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space.
B)For the so-called power events—that require a relatively brief, explosive release of energy, like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump-times and distances have improved ten to twenty percent. In the endurance events the results have been more dramatic. At the 1908 Olympics, John Hayes of the U.S. team ran to marathon in a time of 2:55:18. In 1999, Morocco’s Khalid Khannouchi set a new world record of 2:05:42, almost thirty percent faster.
C)No one theory can explain improvements in performance, but the most important factor has been genetics. "The athlete must choose his parents carefully," says Jesus Dapena, a sports scientist at Indiana University, invoking an oft-cited adage.
D)Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics-and greater rewards to tempt athletes-it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early. "Was there someone like[sprinter]Michael Johnson in the 1920s?" Dapena asks. "I’m sure there was, but his talent was probably never realized."
E)Identifying genetically talented individuals is only the first step. Michael Yessis, an emeritus professor of Sports Science at California State University at Fullerton, maintains that "genetics only determines about one third of what an athlete can do. But with the right training we can go much further with that one third than we’ve been going." Yessis believes that U.S. runners, despite their impressive achievements, are "running on their genetics".
F)By applying more scientific methods, "they’re going to go much faster". These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union.
G)Whereas most exercises are designed to build up strength or endurance, plyometrics focuses on increasing power—the rate at which an athlete can expend energy. When a sprinter runs, Yesis explains, her foot stays in contact with the ground for just under a tenth of a second, half of which is devoted to landing and the other half to pushing off. Plyometric exercises help athletes make the best use of this brief interval.
H)Nutrition is another area that sports trainers have failed to address adequately. "Many athletes are not getting the best nutrition, even through supplements," Yessis insists. Each activity has its own nutritional needs. Few coaches, for instance, understand how deficiencies in trace minerals can lead to injuries.
I)Focused training will also play a role in enabling records to be broken. "If we applied the Russian training model to some of the outstanding runners we have in this country," Yessis asserts, "they would be breaking records left and right." He will not predict by how much, however: "Exactly what the limits are it’s hard to say, but there will be increases even if only by hundredths of a second, as long as our training continues to improve."
J)One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics, the study of the body in motion. A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes her performance, recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions. By applying Newton’ s law to these motions, "we can say that this athlete’ s run is not fast enough; that this one is not using his arms strongly enough during take-off," says Dapena, who uses these methods to help high jumpers. To date, however, biomechanics has made only a small difference to athletic performance.
K)Revolutionary ideas still come from the athletes themselves. For example, during the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, a relatively unknown high jumper named Dick Fosbury won the gold by going over the bar backwards, in complete contradiction of all the received high-jumping wisdom, a move instantly dubbed the Fosbury flop. Fosbury himself did not know what he was doing. That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanics specialists who put their minds to comprehending something that was too complex and unorthodox ever to have been invented through their own mathematical simulations.
L)Fosbury also required another element that lies behind many improvements in athletic performance: an innovation in athletic equipment. In Fosbury’s case, it was the cushions that jumpers land on. Traditionally, high jumpers would land in pits filled with sawdust. But by Fosbury’s time, sawdust pits had been replaced by soft foam cushions, ideal for flopping.
M)In the end, most people who examine human performance are humbled by the resourcefulness of athletes and the powers of the human body. "Once you study athletics, you learn that it’s a vexingly complex issue," says John S. Raglin, a sports psychologist at Indiana University. "Core performance is not a simple or mundane thing of higher, faster, longer. So many variables enter into the equation, and our understanding in many cases is fundamental. We’re got a long way to go." For the foreseeable future, records will be made to be broken.
Athlete himself created new ways like Fosbury flop, which directly made Fosbury win a gold metal.
选项
答案
K
解析
题干意为,运动员自己创造新方法.例如F式落法,这直接让Fosbury赢得金牌。根据关键词“Fosbury flop”定位于K段第一、二句.革命性的观点来自运动员自身,且后句引用Fosbury后背翻越的方法作为例子来证明。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/PhP7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Brighterpeoplegotbetterpay.B、Payscaleswerenotfairatall.C、Maleswerebrighterthanfemales.D、Paysdependedonone’
A、Copyalltheassignmentfromtheblackboard.B、Finishtheassignmentonarequiredpage.C、Gotoattendanotherclassinthes
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayone-learning.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmo
A)TheSupremeCourtunambiguouslyruledWednesdaythatprivacyrightsarenotsacrificedto21stcenturytechnology,sayinguna
A)TheSupremeCourtunambiguouslyruledWednesdaythatprivacyrightsarenotsacrificedto21stcenturytechnology,sayinguna
A、Itreceivesmorenutrientsthanitcanabsorb.B、Itbecomesoversaturatedwithwater.C、Itlosestheabilitytosupportinsect
WhyIBecameaTeacher:toPassonMyLoveofLiteratureA)Likelotsofpeople,IneverthoughtI’dbeateacherwhenIwasat
HowtoCopewithYourSoul-destroyingJobsA)Weallhaveheard—oratleastseeninthemovies—greatstoriesaboutpeoplewhoar
BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsonthe
ItisgettinghardertogoanywherewithoutsteppingonapieceofLego-relatedhype.TheLegoMovieisnumbertwoattheAmeric
随机试题
减少了焊缝工作截面和接头________主要原因是焊接中气孔的存在。
当呼吸幅度减小而呼吸频率加快时,受影响最大的是
患者女性,67岁,发现乳腺包块1个月余,伴乳头溢液,X线图像如下,最有可能的诊断是
同一原子中,下列壳层电子离原子核最近的是
讲述活动是以培养学前儿童独立构思和表述一定内容的语言能力为基本目的,给儿童提供积极参与命题性质的实践机会。从讲述对象的特点分,可分为()。
“君当作磐石,妾当作蒲苇,蒲苇韧如丝,磐石无转移。”这一句子出自()。
3,7,2,47,(),2252
乙自认为甲需要一栋别墅,于是伪称自己是甲的代理人,以甲的名义与不知情的丙开发商签订买卖合同约定:丙开发商将一栋别墅以500万元的价格卖与甲。关于买卖合同,下列说法正确的有()。
请在【答题】菜单下选择【进入考生文件夹】命令,并按照题目要求完成下面的操作。注意:以下的文件必须都保存在考生文件夹下。中国的人口发展形势非常严峻,为此国家统计局每10年进行一次全国人口普查,以掌握全国人口的增长速度及规模。按照下列要求完
Yahoo!UserResearchYahoo!NeedsYou!HelpusshapethefutureofYahoo!byjoiningo
最新回复
(
0
)