2. 外语
  3. A metaphor is a poetic device that deals with comparison. It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects. With a simple

A metaphor is a poetic device that deals with comparison. It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects. With a simple

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问题     A metaphor is a poetic device that deals with comparison. It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects. With a simple metaphor, one object becomes the other: Love is a rose. Although this does not sound like a particularly rich image, a metaphor can communicate so much about a particular image that poets use them more than any other type of figurative language. The reason for this is that poets compose their poetry to express what they are experiencing emotionally at that moment. Consequently, what the poet imagines love to be may or may not be our understanding of love. Therefore, the poet’s job is to enable us to experience it, to feel it the same way as the poet does. We should be able to nod in agreement and say, "Yes, that’s it! I understand precisely where this person is coming from."
    Let’s analyze this remarkably simple metaphor concerning love and the rose to see what it offers. Because the poet uses a comparison with a rose, first we must examine the characteristics of that flower. A rose is impressive in its beauty, its petals are nicely soft, and its smell is pleasing. It’s possible to say that a rose is actually a feast to the senses of sight, touch, and smell. The rose’s appearance seems to border on perfection, each petal seemingly equal in form. Isn’t this the way one’s love should be? A loved one should be a delight to one’s senses and seem perfect.
    However, there is another dimension added to the comparison by using a rose. Roses have thorns. The poet wants to convey the idea that roses can be tricky. So can love, the metaphor tells us. When one reaches out with absolute trust to touch the object of his or her affection, ouch, a thorn can cause great harm! "Be careful," the metaphor warns, "Love is a feast to the senses, but it can overwhelm us, and it can also hurt us and cause acute suffering." This is the poet’s understanding of love—an admonition. What is the point? Just this: It took almost 14 sentences to clarify what a simple metaphor communicates in only four words! That is the artistry and the joy of the simple metaphor.
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答案 隐喻是一种用于比喻的诗歌手法。它将两个具有相似特性的不同物体进行类比。通过一个简单的隐喻，一个物体就“变成”了另一个物体，比如：爱是玫瑰。尽管这一隐喻听起来不像是一个特别丰富的画面，但隐喻的确能传递出很多丰富的画面信息，因此它也成了诗人用得最多的修辞手法。这是因为诗人创作诗歌正是为了表达他们当时的情感体验。因此，诗人所想象的爱情不一定与我们所理解的爱情相同。所以说，诗人的工作就是让我们学会用他们的方式去体验、去感受。我们要能够一边点头赞同，一边说，“没错，就是这样的!我确切地明白了这个人物从何而来。” 这个关于爱和玫瑰的阴雨特别简单，我们来仔细分析一下，看看它传递了什么内涵。由于诗人用玫瑰作比喻，所以。我们首先要仔细研究这种花的特征。玫瑰令人印象深刻的地方在于它的美丽；它的花瓣美艳而又柔软，气味惹人喜爱。可以这么说，玫瑰是名副其实的视觉、触觉和味觉盛宴。它的外观近乎完美，每片花瓣的形状看似都一样。这难道不是爱情该有的样子吗?所爱之人就应该让人感到愉悦，并且看起来完美无瑕。不过，用玫瑰进行比喻还有另一层含义。玫瑰都有刺。诗人想传达的看法是，玫瑰可能“棘手”，爱情也会如此，这便是这个隐喻所要告诉我们的?当一个人带着绝时的信任，伸手去触碰他／她爱慕的对象时，“嗷”地一声发出惨叫——刺会很伤人!这个隐喻还提醒人们，“小心点，爱情虽然是感觉的盛宴，但也可能令我们不知所措，还可能伤到我们，引发剧烈的疼痛。”这就是诗人对爱的理解，也是一个忠告。这一番长篇大论的要点是什么?那就是：一个只用了四个词的简单隐喻，为了解释清楚它的含义，我们竟用了14个句子!这一点正体现了这一简单隐喻的艺术性和趣味性。
解析 1.comparison意为“比较，比喻”；comparison with a rose是指“Love is a rose”这个隐喻用玫瑰比喻爱，因此comparison可以翻译为“比喻”，使得表达更加精准。
2.appearance用在人身上时常用“相貌，外貌”这一义项，但用于rose等非人生物体时，应结合具体语境确定词义。后半部分描述的是玫瑰的花瓣形状特征，故可将appearance译为“外观”。
3.what it offers不宜直译为“它提供了什么”。根据下文可看出，本句想要分析“Love is a rose”这个简单隐喻的具体内涵，因此可以将这个表达处理成“传达了什么内涵”。
4.It’s possible to say that…表示后面的结论已经有充分的把握。此处可以灵活断开，处理为“可以这么说……”，使语句更为通顺。
5.What is the point?这句话的基本含义为“要点是什么?”，可根据上下文进行补充，使得句子表意更为完整。
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