2. 外语
  3. There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world-and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The avera

There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world-and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The avera

admin2009-06-15  68
问题 There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world-and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too-from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles had given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.
2.     Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, the distance conveniently accessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail. The invention of the motor vehicle brought personal mobility to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. Today 90 per cent of inland freight in the United Kingdom is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid being locked into congested and pollution ways of transporting people and goods?
3.     In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. Urban sprawl means that life without a car is nest to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people.  Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour.
4.     A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of he external social costs it entails such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural habitats, depletion of oil resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favour of mass transit.
5.     Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuel efficiency of engines. But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars are preferred by customers and how they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible.
6.     A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities. With small "low emission" cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable-and made more feasible by modern computers. But these are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate.
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答案C
解析 句意：轿车对城市发展的影响。
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本试题收录于： 职称英语理工类A级题库职称英语分类
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