首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Science, being a human activity, is not immune to fashion.【F1】For example, one of the first mathematicians to study the subject
Science, being a human activity, is not immune to fashion.【F1】For example, one of the first mathematicians to study the subject
admin
2015-09-30
109
问题
Science, being a human activity, is not immune to fashion.【F1】
For example, one of the first mathematicians to study the subject of probability theory was an English clergyman called Thomas Bayes, who was born in 1702 and died in 1761.
His ideas about the prediction of future events from one or two examples were popular for a while, and have never been fundamentally challenged.【F2】
But they were eventually overwhelmed by those of the "frequentist" school, which developed the methods based on sampling from a large population that now dominate the field and are used to predict things as diverse as the outcomes of elections and preferences for chocolate bars.
Recently, however, Bayes’s ideas have made a comeback among computer scientists trying to design software with human like intelligence. Bayesian reasoning now lies at the heart of leading internet search engines and automated "help wizards". That has prompted some psychologists to ask if the human brain itself might be a Bayesian-reasoning machine.【F3】
They suggest that the Bayesian capacity to draw strong inferences from sparse data could be crucial to the way the mind perceives the world, plans actions, comprehends and learns language, reasons from correlation to causation, and even understands the goals and beliefs of other minds.
【F4】
These researchers have conducted laboratory experiments that convince them they are on the right track, but only recently have they begun to look at whether the brain copes with everyday judgments in the real world in a Bayesian manner.
In research to be published later this year in Psychological Science , Thomas Griffiths of Brown University in Rhode Island and Joshua Tenenbaum of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology put the idea of a Bayesian brain to a quotidian test. They found that it passes with flying colours.
The key to successful Bayesian reasoning is not in having an extensive, unbiased sample, which is the eternal worry of frequentists, but rather in having an appropriate "prior", as it is known to the cognoscenti.【F5】
This prior is an assumption about the way the world works—in essence, a hypothesis about reality—that can be expressed as a mathematical probability distribution of the frequency with which events of a particular magnitude happen.
【F1】
选项
答案
例如,一个名叫托乌斯·贝叶斯的英国牧师是最早研究概率论的数学家之一。他1702年出生,1761年去世。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/QHzZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Somesaythatoneofthemaindifferencesbetweenscienceandphilosophyisthatsciencemakesprogresswhilephilosophersgoro
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiation
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiation
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiation
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiation
Airis(1)_____,andlikeallmatter,ithasweight.Weightisthemeasureofthe(2)_____ofgravity(3)_____matter.Ifascal
(46)Attheendofthenineteenthcentury,arisinginterestinNativeAmericancustomsandanincreasingdesiretounderstandNa
Longbeforetheneweconomymadecatchwordsofspeed,customization,supplychainmanagement,andinformationsharing,Spanishc
Longbeforetheneweconomymadecatchwordsofspeed,customization,supplychainmanagement,andinformationsharing,Spanishc
Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoil
随机试题
某病人因车祸被抬人急诊室。CT检查显示颅内有血肿,量约30Ⅱd,合并下颌骨开放性骨折。并有舌后坠,抢救原则首先是
解热镇痛作用强而抗炎作用极弱的非甾体药物是
Word2010的________视图的显示效果与打印机输出的效果一样。
目前,应用单克隆抗体制作的商品化试剂盒广泛应用于
期货交易保证金只需在开始时缴纳,在平仓前不必再次缴纳。( )
甲公司20×2年10月为乙公司的银行贷款提供担保。银行、甲公司、乙公司三方签订的合同约定: (1)贷款本金为4200万元,自20×2年12月21日起2年,年利率5.6%; (2)乙公司以房产为该项贷款提供抵押担保; (3)甲公司为该贷款提供连
下列做法中,符合“食品生产加工企业质量安全监督管理实施细则”规定的是()。
认识过程反复性和无限性的原因是()
结构化程序设计所规定的3种基本控制结构是顺序结构、选择结构和【】。
Wecan’ttakeitfor______thatwhathesaysisalwaysright.
最新回复
(
0
)