首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
自考
If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake
If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake
admin
2022-07-19
42
问题
If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew.【C1】________. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.
Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience.【C2】________. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If some one maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction.【C3】________. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge, but in theology there is only opinion. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard;【C4】________.
A good way of riding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own. When I was young, I lived much outside my own country—in France, Germany, Italy, and the United States.【C5】________. If you cannot travel, seek out people with whom you disagree, and read a newspaper belonging to a party that is not yours. If the people and the newspaper seem mad, perverse, and wicked, remind yourself that you seem so to them.【C6】________.
For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents;【C7】________. Mahatma Gandhi deplores railways and steamboats and machinery; he would like to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting any one who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantage of modern technique for granted. But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might say in refutation of them. I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue, and, short of this,【C8】________.
Be very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem. Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex.【C9】________. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals. The question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem conceals this from most people. We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, we adjust our standard of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones,【C10】________. Here, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer. It is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some nonhuman mind. The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit is to remind ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jellyfish.
(From How to Avoid the Foolish Opinions)
A. In this opinion both parties may be right, but they cannot both be wrong. This reflection should generate a certain caution
B. you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants
C. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias
D. this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time or space
E. while its demerits are comparatively trivial
F. There is abundant evidence on both sides
G. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of insular prejudice
H. regardless of whether the offender repents and regardless of what he has done or suffered
I. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way
J. I have frequently found myself growing less dogmatic and cocksure through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent
K. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone
【C8】
选项
答案
I
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Qfrx777K
本试题收录于:
英语阅读(一)题库文史类分类
0
英语阅读(一)
文史类
相关试题推荐
createattributedifferentrecognizehowasdevelopintoexpressionwhomunderstandoftriba
Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewan
Prometheuswashappytobeofservicetoman.Hetaughtpeople【C1】______.Hetaughtthemhowtoplantandgrowtheirownfood,
Televisionthatmostpervasionandpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowthismovingintoanewera
Accordingtothepassage,whatcanmakebusinessmengetintointernationalmarketsmoreconveniently?
attributesaycountlesscreationestablishedunderstandseeparticularaboutrecognizeamong
attributesaycountlesscreationestablishedunderstandseeparticularaboutrecognizeamong
Ifheopenedtheotherdoor,aladycameout.(63)Thekingalwayschosetheladieshimself.(64)Hemadesurethateachwasof
Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthatev
______referstothewordsthatoccurtogetherwiththewordinquestion.()
随机试题
《糕点通则》(GB/T20997-2007)要求烘烤类糕点的脂肪含量()。
病历:女性,17岁,高中二年级学生。现病史:患者6余月前用自己电脑打的字总是让其感到代表“反过来”的意思,自己在电脑上打“#”表示“我死了,你们都是活的”。在家里感到有摄像头在监视自己,自己的想法没有说出口就被大家知道了,有时觉得爸爸在监视自己,走在街上自
某男,20岁,学生,嗜睡多卧,伴倦怠乏力、饭后尤甚,影响学习,不能正常上课,诊见形瘦,纳呆,苔白,脉虚无力。其治法为
A./0B./1C./2D./3E./6表示肿瘤为原位癌的是
感染后最早出现的抗体是不游离存在于血液中的标志物是
下列工程担保中,以保护发包人合法权益为目的的有()。
商业银行风险管理部门的职责包括()。
A、4B、8C、16D、24D这是简单圆圈形式数字推理,第一个圆圈中的数字特征不甚明显,第二个圆圈中18均可被其余数字整除。考虑乘豫规律得到18÷2=6÷2×3,代入第一个圆圈验证6÷1=2÷1×3,则在第三个圆圈中,4÷4=8÷(24)×3。
在社区中运用社区工作方法,组织社区居民,动员社区资源,解决社区问题,促进社区进步和发展的是()。
在电子商务活动中,主要的支付工具包括电子信用卡、电子现金和()。
最新回复
(
0
)