由小学到中学,所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年,所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”,这名称易滋误解,好像过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在,在这里做学问也只能算是初涉藩篱,注重的是研究学问的方法与实

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问题     由小学到中学,所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年,所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”,这名称易滋误解,好像过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在,在这里做学问也只能算是初涉藩篱,注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境,一生的时间都嫌太短,所以古人皓首穷经,头发白了还是在继续研究,不过在这样的研究中确是有浓厚的趣味。

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答案 Primary and secondary school will impart to you only some rudiments of knowledge①.Even what you learn during the four years of university will be something quite superficial too. A university has often been misleadingly②referred to as“the highest seat of learning”③which sounds as if there were no more learning to speak of beyond it. The research institute of a university, however, is the place for preliminary scholarship. But even there④you get only the first taste of learning⑤and the emphasis is on research methodology and practice. Art is long, life is short. That is why some of our ancients continued to study even when they were hoary-headed⑥. They were, of course, motivated by an enormous interest in their studies⑦.

解析     ①汉译英中非常重要的一点就是如何选择主语。本句以primary and secondary school为主语,目的是为了连接下文所讨论的a university和the research institute of a university,使结构衔接,逻辑通顺。
    ②“这名称易滋误解”,一般译为定语从句which is misleading即可,这里用评注性副词misleadingly替代,使译文更显地道,结构也更为紧凑。
    ③“学府”可译为seat of learning或institution of higher learning。
    ④“所在”和“在这里”是共指关系,可用where引导定语从句与之衔接,这里另起一句,there前置以表强调。
    ⑤“藩篱”原指篱笆,这里用作比喻,“初涉藩篱”此处意为初步体验做学问的乐趣,故而译为the first taste of learning。
    ⑥“皓首”与“头发白了”同义,译其一即可。
    ⑦本句在逻辑语义上是交代古人皓首穷经的驱动力量,所以添加they作主语,与前句our ancients对接,同时选择 be motivated作谓语,表意贴切.
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