2. 外语
  3. Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designa

Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designa

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问题     Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders.
    Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound; and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law. medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons,and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts.
    Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associates freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it—as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace. (417 words)
Special words used in technical discussion______.
选项 A、may become part of common speech
B、should resemble mathematical formulae
C、should be confined to scientific fields
D、are considered artificial speech
答案A
解析 文章最后一句提到“我们的普通语言总是在不断地采纳新术语，并使它们成为普通语言”，这与选项A“成为普通语言的一部分”相符。
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