首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplast
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplast
admin
2015-05-24
36
问题
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity. But until recently, they didn’t know what causes gray matter to become plastic, to begin changing. Breakthrough research by a team at MIT’s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory has documented one type of environmental feedback thattriggers plasticity: success. Equally important and somewhat surprising Its opposite, failure, has no impact.
Earl Miller, the lead researcher on the study, says understanding the link to environmental feedback is crucial to improving how people teach and motivate because it’s a big part of how we learn. But we absorb more from success than from failure, according to the study.
Miller’s researchers gave monkeys a simple learning task: They presented one of two pictures. If it was Picture A, the monkeys were supposed to look to the left; if Picture B, to the right. When the monkeys looked in the correct direction, they were rewarded with a drop of juice. All the while the team recorded brain function.
"Neurons (cells specialized to conduct nerve impulses) in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, where the brain tracks success and failure, sharpened their tuning after success," says Miller. What’s more, those changes lingered for several seconds, making brain activity more efficient the next time the monkey did the task. Thereafter, each success was processed more efficiently. That is, the monkey had learned. "But after failure," Miller points out, "there was little change in brain activity." In other words,the brain didn’t store any information about what went wrong and use it the next time. The monkey just tried, tried again.
Miller says this means that on a neurological level, success is actually a lot more informative than failure. If you get a reward, the brain remembers what it did right. But with failure (unless there is a clear negative consequence, like the shock a child feels when she sticks something in an electrical outlet), the brain isn’t sure what to store, so it doesn’t change at all.
Does this research confirm the management tenet of focusing on your—and your team’s—strengths and successes? Miller cautions against making too tidy a connection between his findings and an environment like the workplace, but he offers this suggestion: "Maybe the lesson is to know that the brain will learn from success, and you don’t need to dwell on that. You need to pay more attention to failures and challenge why you fail."
Which of the following is true of Earl Miller’s research?
选项
A、It discovers neuroplasticity.
B、It is the first study of this kind.
C、It studies one environmental feedback.
D、It attests to one cause of neuroplasticity.
答案
D
解析
是非细节题。根据题目选项定位到第一段。由第一段可知,该研究确认了一种可引起大脑神经可塑性变化的环境反馈,也就是确认了一种导致该可塑性的原因,D项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Rt74777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Theword"outsource"(Paragraph1)maybebestreplacedbyJamesQ.WilsonsupportsMaryEberstadt’snewbookbecause
TheauthorcitestheexampleofIndiatoshow______.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat______.
Wheredogoodideascomefrom?Forcenturies,allcreditforthesemysteriousgiftswenttofaith,fortuneandsomefairmuses.
Wheredogoodideascomefrom?Forcenturies,allcreditforthesemysteriousgiftswenttofaith,fortuneandsomefairmuses.
Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandt
Daysago,youwenttoPekingUniversitytogivealecture.Butaftergettingbackhome,youfoundthatyouhadleftahagofdoc
Nowmedicalresearchersarediscoveringatruism:"alcoholandtobaccodonotmix."Thesetwosubstances,bothdangeroustoheal
Forthefirsttime,GeorgeBushhasacknowledgedtheexistenceofsecretCIAprisonsaroundtheworld,wherekeyterroristsuspe
EveryyearLesWexner,theownerofVictoria’sSecret,alingerie(女士内衣)retailer,takesamonthofftotraveltheworldlookingf
随机试题
国家对房地产经纪活动实行()。
患者,女,26岁,已婚。分娩时失血较多,产后小腹隐隐作痛,喜按,恶露量少、色淡,头晕耳鸣,大便干燥,舌淡苔薄,脉虚细。应首先考虑的是
有的债券附有一定的选择权,即发行契约中赋予债券发行人或持有人具有某种选择的权利。关于有选择权的债券,下列说法有误的是()。
对作业和流程的执行情况进行评价时,使用的考核指标可以是财务指标也可以是非财务指标,其中非财务指标主要用于时间、质量、效率三个方面的考核。()
胜任力是指员工在工作情境中,为完成工作所具备并体现出来的知识、技能、能力、态度、动机等关键特征。以下表现为胜任力的行为是()。
欧洲婚礼的神圣与不容侵犯的约束力来自教会,但是关于约束力的威信教会声称是来自上帝,可是,这只是表面上的、形式上的外在约束力。婚姻的不容侵犯的真实的、真正的、内在的约束力却是名誉感。人的名誉感是让道德行为准则的义务得以遵守的真正威信,也就是所谓的君子之道。根
雪的可爱之处在于它的广被大地,覆盖一切,没有差别。冬夜拥被而眠,觉寒气逼人,蜷缩不敢动,凌晨张开眼皮,窗棂窗帘隙处有强光__________,大异往日,起来推窗一看一一啊,白茫茫一片银世界。竹枝松叶顶着一堆堆的白雪,权桠老树也都镶了银边。朱门与篷户同样蒙受
数据库管理系统能实现对数据库中数据的查询、插入、修改和删除,这类功能称为()。
设有如下通用过程:PublicFunctionFun(xStrAsString)AsStringDimtStrAsString.strLAsIntegertStr=""strL=Len(xStr)
关于结构化程序设计原则和方法的描述错误的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)