首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acqui
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acqui
admin
2019-02-25
48
问题
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acquisition". But what does this term mean? What exactly is "language acquisition"? For the moment we may characterize it as the process by which individuals "pick up" a language through exposure to it. There are two immediately obvious sorts of language acquisition. The first is L1(first language)acquisition, which every normal child manages at an early age. The second is FL(foreign language)acquisition where someone, a child or an adult, picks up a language, for example, while they are living in a target language country.
Chomsky’s ideas stimulated the interest in L1(and, indirectly, FL)acquisition that there has been over the past few decades. For him, L1 acquisition is a conundrum, even a miracle. The big question is: how is it that the very young child, so poorly developed in many areas, is able to learn the rudiments of their native language so quickly and so successfully? Chomsky’s answer was that the individual has a machine in the head, an LAD(Language Acquisition Device), that does the job for them.
The words "quickly and successfully" hold the key to one of the main reasons why applied linguists are interested in the acquisition idea. In an important article that appeared in 1968, Newmark and Reibel make the point that L1 acquisition is the quickest and most successful instance of language mastery that we know of. Since this is so, we might do well to study in some detail what is known about the L1 acquisition situation. What does the child do that makes acquisition so quick and successful? How do the adults who talk to the child behave? What assistance do they give to the acquisition process? What are the important aspects of the acquisition environment? Notice that though one of these questions is about the "organism" , the others are about the "environment" . This indicates that we are prepared to consider a role for the latter beyond that suggested by Chomsky.
The applied linguist Stephen Krashen is one of those largely responsible for interest in foreign language acquisition. In fact he argues that there are two quite distinct ways of mastering an FL, and he calls these acquisitions and learning. Acquisition first: he describes this process as a " natural" , subconscious one, where there is no "conscious focusing on linguistic forms"(of the sort that you find in most classrooms). It is what we have already informally called the process of " picking up " a language, just as you do if you go and live in the target language environment. Indeed Krashen says that the minimal condition for acquisition to occur is " participation in natural communication situations".
Learning, on the other hand, is a conscious process, and it usually takes place in the language classroom. For Krashen it is particularly marked by two characteristics. Firstly, there is error correction. When learners make mistakes, it is normal for the classroom teacher to draw explicit attention to them, and to correct the errors. The second characteristic is what Krashen calls rule isolation. In the language teaching classroom it is normal for a lesson(or part thereof)to focus on one language point. It may be a grammatical item like a particular tense, or a pronunciation point, or some "rule of use". The word isolation indicates that in this procedure language points are dealt with one by one.
Questions 66 to 70
Answer the following questions with the information given in the passage.
How do people usually pick up a language?
选项
答案
Through exposure to it.
解析
(根据第一段第四句For the moment we may characterize it as the process by which individuals“pick up”a language through exposure to it.,可知个人学习语言的方式是通过接触语言环境。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Rx8K777K
本试题收录于:
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
ThehistoryoftheAmericanpeopleis,inpart,thehistoryofthemovementoftheAmericanpeople.Theymovedfromthecolonies
Howmanyminutesisitbefore12atnoonif90minutesagoitwasfourtimesasmanyminutespast9a.m.?
Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteorsbutalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereag
Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteorsbutalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereag
Veryfewpeoplecanget【D1】______before11,butMichaelwasan【D2】______.Hestartedhighschoolwhenhewas5,finishinginjus
Ithasbeensaidthateveryonelivesbysellingsomething.Inthelightofthisstatement,teacherslivebyselling【C1】kno______
Ithasbeensaidthateveryonelivesbysellingsomething.Inthelightofthisstatement,teacherslivebyselling【C1】kno______
Smokinganddrinkingareregardedas______insomecountriesbecausetheydonogoodtohealth.
______thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallvariablesandmodeledthemaccurately.
Alllivingcreaturesarethoughtto______anorganismthatcameintobeingthreebillionyearsago.
随机试题
唾液淀粉酶经透析后水解淀粉的能力降低,其原因是
阿托品抗感染中毒性休克的主要原因是:
肠梗阻非手术治疗中,矫正全身生理紊乱的主要措施是
患儿,11月龄。母乳喂养,未添加辅食,近1个月出现反应迟钝,嗜睡,间断出现手足、头震颤,面色苍黄,应采取的措施是()
编制试算平衡表时,也包括只有期初余额而没有本期发生额的账户。()
Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thegrandfatherresentedThecriticsofthesocialsecuritysystembelievethatit
标准ASCⅡ码用7位二进制位表示一个字符的编码,其不同的编码共有()。
Herearesixty-fivestories.Amongthem,________youfindatleastafewyou’llenjoyandcaretoremember.
NeitherTomnorhisparents_____athome.
A、Sheisunabletoswim.B、Shedoesn’tlikeswimming.C、Shedoesn’tliketheboy.D、Shehasnotimetoswim.D题目询问女士的话是什么意思。对话中女
最新回复
(
0
)