首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acqui
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acqui
admin
2019-02-25
34
问题
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acquisition". But what does this term mean? What exactly is "language acquisition"? For the moment we may characterize it as the process by which individuals "pick up" a language through exposure to it. There are two immediately obvious sorts of language acquisition. The first is L1(first language)acquisition, which every normal child manages at an early age. The second is FL(foreign language)acquisition where someone, a child or an adult, picks up a language, for example, while they are living in a target language country.
Chomsky’s ideas stimulated the interest in L1(and, indirectly, FL)acquisition that there has been over the past few decades. For him, L1 acquisition is a conundrum, even a miracle. The big question is: how is it that the very young child, so poorly developed in many areas, is able to learn the rudiments of their native language so quickly and so successfully? Chomsky’s answer was that the individual has a machine in the head, an LAD(Language Acquisition Device), that does the job for them.
The words "quickly and successfully" hold the key to one of the main reasons why applied linguists are interested in the acquisition idea. In an important article that appeared in 1968, Newmark and Reibel make the point that L1 acquisition is the quickest and most successful instance of language mastery that we know of. Since this is so, we might do well to study in some detail what is known about the L1 acquisition situation. What does the child do that makes acquisition so quick and successful? How do the adults who talk to the child behave? What assistance do they give to the acquisition process? What are the important aspects of the acquisition environment? Notice that though one of these questions is about the "organism" , the others are about the "environment" . This indicates that we are prepared to consider a role for the latter beyond that suggested by Chomsky.
The applied linguist Stephen Krashen is one of those largely responsible for interest in foreign language acquisition. In fact he argues that there are two quite distinct ways of mastering an FL, and he calls these acquisitions and learning. Acquisition first: he describes this process as a " natural" , subconscious one, where there is no "conscious focusing on linguistic forms"(of the sort that you find in most classrooms). It is what we have already informally called the process of " picking up " a language, just as you do if you go and live in the target language environment. Indeed Krashen says that the minimal condition for acquisition to occur is " participation in natural communication situations".
Learning, on the other hand, is a conscious process, and it usually takes place in the language classroom. For Krashen it is particularly marked by two characteristics. Firstly, there is error correction. When learners make mistakes, it is normal for the classroom teacher to draw explicit attention to them, and to correct the errors. The second characteristic is what Krashen calls rule isolation. In the language teaching classroom it is normal for a lesson(or part thereof)to focus on one language point. It may be a grammatical item like a particular tense, or a pronunciation point, or some "rule of use". The word isolation indicates that in this procedure language points are dealt with one by one.
Questions 66 to 70
Answer the following questions with the information given in the passage.
How do people usually pick up a language?
选项
答案
Through exposure to it.
解析
(根据第一段第四句For the moment we may characterize it as the process by which individuals“pick up”a language through exposure to it.,可知个人学习语言的方式是通过接触语言环境。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Rx8K777K
本试题收录于:
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteorsbutalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereag
Veryfewpeoplecanget【D1】______before11,butMichaelwasan【D2】______.Hestartedhighschoolwhenhewas5,finishinginjus
Manypeople,particularlyrecentcollegegraduates,dreamofowningtheirownbusinesses.Althoughsuchventuresareoftenexcit
Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,______obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.
Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,______obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.
Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,______obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.
ThestudentislookingfortheEconomichistoryoffice.
Dr.Andersonisawarethatwestillhave______longwaytogoinimprovinghumanlivingconditionsandinfightingsickness______
______feltthatsocietyforcedtoomanyrulesonpeopleandkeptthemfromlivingafull,naturallife.Hisforcefulwritingon
______isthispieceofequipmenttoberemovedfromthebuilding.
随机试题
【B1】【B6】
A.瑞格列奈B.格列本脲C.格列喹酮D.格列齐特极少经肾脏排泄的磺脲类降糖药是
手术前预防性应用抗生素不正确的是
A.先B.标本兼治C.标D.本E.里《素问.标本病传论》指出“先中满而后烦心者”治其
患者产后2天,恶寒发热,头痛,咳嗽,流涕,肢体疼痛,无汗,纳呆,舌苔薄白,脉浮。治疗应首选
A.甘草白术B.白术防风C.防风当归D.当归桂枝E.桂枝茯苓
背景资料某施工单位与建设单位签订了路基工程施工承包合同,包括桥涵两座和路基填筑工程,合同工期390天,合同总价5000万元。施工前施工单位向工程师提交了施工组织设计和施工进度计划。该工程在施工过程中发生了以下事件:事件一:因地质勘探报告不详,出现图
某酒店按要求设有自动喷水灭火系统,消防水泵机组房位于地下一层且机组额定功率为20kW,其外轮廓面与墙面之间的最小间距为()m。
执行力是公务员必需的素质,针对你的岗位说说你执行力的欠缺。你怎么改进?
设f(x)在区间[0,1]上连续,在(0,1)内可导,且,f(1)=0.证明:至少存在一点ξ∈(0,1),使(1+ξ2)(arctanξ)f’(ξ)=-1.
最新回复
(
0
)