首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
admin
2023-01-17
54
问题
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.
There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. Recently it announced that, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for anyone to read and redistribute.
Britain’s government is not alone. Soon the European Union followed suit. In the U.S., the National Institutes of Health (NM, the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world) has required open-access publishing since 2008. And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the world’s second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support should make their work available free.
Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things. One is that their processes take months, when the Internet could enable them to take days. The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists—or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions—in an armlock. That, combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers) is free, leads to generous returns. In 2011, Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of £768 million on revenues of £2.06 billion—a margin of 37 percent. Indeed, Elsevier’s profits are thought so
egregious
by many people that 12,000 researchers have signed up to boycott the company’s journals.
Publishers do provide a service. They organize peer reviews, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts (though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do). They also
sort the scientific sheep from the goats
, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.
But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific-publishing: doing it online, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are paying attention and asking whether they might also benefit from the change.
Much remains to be worked out. Some fear the loss of the traditional journals’ curation and verification of research. Even Sir Mark Walport, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce advocate of open-access publication, worries that the newly liberated papers have ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way they want.Arevolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it. If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.
What does the author think of the future of open-access journals?
选项
A、Doubtful.
B、Unclear.
C、Foreseeable.
D、Pessimistic.
答案
C
解析
本题问作者对期刊免费公开的态度。根据最后一段第2句可看出,作者认为期刊免费公开的条件已经成熟,因此它的未来是foreseeable“可预见的”,C项正确。A项“怀疑的”、B项“不清晰的,模棱两可的”和D项“消极的”,均不符合。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/SCcD777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave【C1】________thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomedi
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave【C1】________thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomedi
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave【C1】________thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomedi
Howseriouslyshouldparentstakekids’opinionswhensearchingforahome?Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain’skidsh
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightco
Amtrak—thelargestrailwaycompanyintheU.S.—wasexperiencingadeclininginridership.【C1】________majorconcernstoAmtraka
Bettingagainstanindustrywithaddictsforcustomerscarriesobviousrisks.【C1】________theseareuncertaintimesforBigTobac
"Beforetheoperation,IwouldlookatsomeoneandallIcouldseefortheirfacewasjelly,"saysJonathanWyatt."Now,Ican
随机试题
为了应对第三次美元危机,尼克松政府对进口商品征收的临时附加税是【】
患者,男,65岁。上午10点行磁共振检查,护士分发口服药时患者未回,此时正确的处理是
《温病条辨》中所谓的“辛凉平剂”是指桑菊饮。()
由国际收支失衡引起的国内经济变量变动对国际收支的反作用过程,我们称为( )。
机床的抗振性与()有关。
非同一控制下的企业合并,以发行权益性证券作为合并对价的,发行权益性证券相关的佣金、手续费等应计入合并成本。()
“一骑红尘妃子笑,无人知是荔枝来”中的妃子是()。
当N次实验中的干扰项成为N+1次实验的靶子时,被试对它的反应会变慢,这种现象是
C++语言中在C语言的基础上增加的特性不包括
Youradvicewouldbe______valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.
最新回复
(
0
)