首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
admin
2023-01-17
25
问题
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.
There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. Recently it announced that, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for anyone to read and redistribute.
Britain’s government is not alone. Soon the European Union followed suit. In the U.S., the National Institutes of Health (NM, the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world) has required open-access publishing since 2008. And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the world’s second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support should make their work available free.
Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things. One is that their processes take months, when the Internet could enable them to take days. The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists—or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions—in an armlock. That, combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers) is free, leads to generous returns. In 2011, Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of £768 million on revenues of £2.06 billion—a margin of 37 percent. Indeed, Elsevier’s profits are thought so
egregious
by many people that 12,000 researchers have signed up to boycott the company’s journals.
Publishers do provide a service. They organize peer reviews, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts (though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do). They also
sort the scientific sheep from the goats
, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.
But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific-publishing: doing it online, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are paying attention and asking whether they might also benefit from the change.
Much remains to be worked out. Some fear the loss of the traditional journals’ curation and verification of research. Even Sir Mark Walport, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce advocate of open-access publication, worries that the newly liberated papers have ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way they want.Arevolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it. If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.
What does the author think of the future of open-access journals?
选项
A、Doubtful.
B、Unclear.
C、Foreseeable.
D、Pessimistic.
答案
C
解析
本题问作者对期刊免费公开的态度。根据最后一段第2句可看出,作者认为期刊免费公开的条件已经成熟,因此它的未来是foreseeable“可预见的”,C项正确。A项“怀疑的”、B项“不清晰的,模棱两可的”和D项“消极的”,均不符合。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/SCcD777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Yous
"Juststicktoscience."ThisisacommonadmonitionthatSciencereceiveswhenwepublishcommentariesandnewsstoriesonpoli
"Juststicktoscience."ThisisacommonadmonitionthatSciencereceiveswhenwepublishcommentariesandnewsstoriesonpoli
Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshou
Nobodyeverproteststhatanelementaryschoolshouldbedescribedas"manned"insteadof"staffed,"butdaretosuggesta"men
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightco
Bettingagainstanindustrywithaddictsforcustomerscarriesobviousrisks.【C1】________theseareuncertaintimesforBigTobac
"Beforetheoperation,IwouldlookatsomeoneandallIcouldseefortheirfacewasjelly,"saysJonathanWyatt."Now,Ican
Rowethinksacivilizedlifeismadepossiblebypeopledoing________.
随机试题
A.SeeyouthiseveningB.I’vegottarunC.SeeyouagainD.Iprobablywon’tbebackforsupperE.I’llgototheofficeF.Ta
酮症酸中毒患者经治疗后,意识恢复时间内突然感到心悸、饥饿、出汗,随即又意识不清,应立即
下列选项中,属于互斥方案经济比选方法中的静态分析法的是( )。
单身期的理财优先顺序是()
我国人民代表大会常务委员会通过的决议,规定教师节的时间是()。
试述应如何培养群体凝聚力。
当原始信号是数字信号时,必须经过_________后才能通过模拟通信系统进行传输,并经过________后还原成原始信号。()
甲医院从乙公司购买彩电30台,每台2000元。下列不属于这一买卖法律关系构成要素的是()。
一般而言,科学家总是把创新性研究当作自己的目标,并且只把同样具有此种目标的人作为自己的同行。因此。如果有的科学家因为向大众普及科学知识而赢得赞誉,虽然大多数科学家会认同这种赞誉,但不会把这样的科学家作为自己的同行。为使上述论证成立,以下哪项是必须假设的?
IwasjusttalkingtoMargaretwhenJackson______.
最新回复
(
0
)