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  3. The world is experiencing a dramatic increase in population. This is causing problems not only for poor, undeveloped countries,

The world is experiencing a dramatic increase in population. This is causing problems not only for poor, undeveloped countries,

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问题     The world is experiencing a dramatic increase in population. This is causing problems not only for poor, undeveloped countries, but also for industrialized and developing countries. Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes, and suggest at least one possible solution. Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.
    In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
    Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
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答案 On Population Explosion The human race has experienced a consistent increase in population since the beginning of its history. Too many people are added annually to the population of the world. Famine and diseases have done little to offset this steady increase. In this essay, both the results of having more people and solutions to the critical population problem will be studied carefully. In poor countries, it is difficult to provide enough food to feed even the present number of people. In addition, education to limit the number of children per family is not always successful. Poorer countries usually have a lot of unemployment too, and an increase in population simply makes the situation worse. In rich, industrialized and developing countries, it is very difficult for governments to provide effective public services in overcrowded cities. Moreover, there is usually a great deal of crime, which is often due to high rates of unemployment. Further large increase in population only causes more overcrowding, unemployment and crime. Besides, overpopulation is the major reason for water, soil and air pollution. It is also often the cause of starvation and even wars. In my opinion, there are two main weapons to fight against the population problem. The most important weapon we have to fight population growth is education. This should start at a very early age, i.e. before children even go to school. TV cartoons and children’s programs can be used to educate the very young. At high school level, students can be taught about the problem more directly. At university level, scholarships should be made available to students who wish to study further in this field. International exchange groups may also help to increase awareness. The second weapon is birth control, every woman who is pregnant, but who does not want to give birth, should be allowed by law to have an abortion. In China, couples are penalized financially if they have more than one child. This may seem cruel, but the "one-child policy" is beginning to have an effect in the world’s most populous nation. Eventually, similar policies might also be necessary in other crowded nations such as India, for example. The world’s population may reach 8.7 billion in 2033. If the population explosion continues, many more people will die of starvation in poor countries, and life in the cities, even in affluent5 nations, will become increasingly difficult. Facing such a serious situation, we must make every effort to find a way out so as to save the mankind and save the world.
解析     本文结构清晰，语言言简意赅。第一段提出人口爆炸这一社会现状，由此引出主题句。在接下来的两段中，作者详细分析了人口爆炸所带来的问题，值得注意的是，作者按照地域将这部分内容分为两类：贫穷国家和富裕国家，并分别展开讨论，这显然是考虑到人口爆炸这一问题在贫穷国家和富裕国家所产生的后果是不同的，这一分类使得全文的论述更为细致有序。从篇幅可以看出，作者将重点放在了提出建议这部分。作者一共提出两条建议：教育和控制出生人口。在教育方面，作者又将其细分为小学阶段、高中阶段、大学阶段以及国际交流层面；在控制出生人口方面，作者主要举了在中国实行计划生育的例子。可见，分类论证和举例论证是本文所采用的两大论证方式，尤其是分类论证，在考生的作文中并不多见，是本文的一大特色。
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