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  3. Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporat

Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporat

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问题      Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. 61) What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
     The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978 -1987 averages. 62) The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. 63) There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business: anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
     Some of this can be easily explained. 64) New ways of organizing the workplace -- all that reengineering and downsizing -- are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. 65) Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity; switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
    Two other explanations are more speculative.  First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
     Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bon Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much "reengineering’ has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenues has been greater than the reductions in cost.  His colleagues, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO’S Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere mobbish -- "the worst sort of ambulance-chasing".
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答案企业重组的新方法——所有那些重新设计和缩小规模的做法——只是对经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献，而这种经济的发展还受到许多其他因素的驱动，如设备机器上的联合投资、新技术以及教育和培训上的投资。
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